The claim that in 1914 states went to war Essay Example for Free

The claim that in 1914 states went to war EssayHow valid is the claim that in 1914 states went to war due to consternation rather then motives of gain?Austrias quarrel, Germanys warOne of the theories about the out decease of the First World warfare is that nations went to war not to necessarily gain something entirely chief(prenominal)ly because of concern which caused by many different factors.Europe before the war can be compared to a round-about with the countries involved, Germany being the central pole, speeding up and thus cause the nations into uncontrollable chaos resulting in them breaking off. The basis of the alliance systems started forming as early as 1871. France and Russia had been supportive of each other ever since France lent Russia currency to start industrialization during the reign of Alexander II. The bond between these two great powers was strengthened by their shared enemies, the Central Powers. Their reasons to agree on such alliance, however, wer e very different.After the Franco-Prussian war of 1871, in which France lost Alsace and Lorraine, both rich in coal and iron reserves to the Prussians, there was a bitter, revengeful sense in France-Revanchism. The French believed it was their right to fight a victorious war against Germany and retrieve Alsace and Lorraine. Germany was aware of this and Bismarck demanded 5 billion francs as war reparations, believe that this punishment bequeath cripple France for years. Bismarck was, however, no economist, and Germany was to reverence France ever since 1873, when last francs were handed over to Germany.German acquisition of Alsace and Lorraine meant that there must be a war between Germany and France Karl MarxAt the Algeciras conference in Spain, almost all great powers and other nations decided to support the French rights in Morocco during the First Maroc crisis, leaving Germany without any potential allies except for Austria-Hungary. This conspiracy against Germany led to her business concern of encirclement and their alliance, therefore, was not because of strong mutual sympathy or the uncouth Deutschland ideal, but simply due to this fear of encirclement- Austria-Hungary was the only option.As Germany was relatively young, full of energy, ambitions, and primarily a respect-wanting country, its main potential gain- if a war was to break out- would be widening its colonial empire. This is understandable when we realize that in the 19th century power, respect and an empire were tightly tied together.From now nothing will happen in the world without Germany and its Kaiser Wilhelm IIGermany already had some colonies, but this number was relatively small and certainly not big enough to satisfy its aspirations. that even for these colonies a navy was necessary. Therefore, under Admiral Tirpitz, the great improvement of the German navy began with the goal of protecting their existent and potential colonies. However, it was unambiguous that the main goal i s to tease Britain.This turned out to work well Britain had always been dependant on its navy as it was the best and only way of retention all prospective affrights away from the islands. It could not afford to let Germany develop its navy so drastically, especially because of Germanys strategic position by the North sea where Britain had her weakest point. This accumulated with Kaisers arrogance (especially Realpolitik- accomplishes the goal no matter how- murders, blackmail) and clumsy politics (The Daily Telegraph affair) resulting in a strongly anti-German felling in Britain. merely for her colonial ambitions, another goal that would come out of a war for Germany was what Von Moltke called an immediate, preventive war against France and Russia, since Russia was planning on increasing her army from 1.5 to 2.0 million.Except for the threat of German navy, Britain was not affected by the actions on the continent too much- and it did not want to get affected. It remained in Splen did isolationism as Britains attitude towards Continental Europe was described by original Salisbury.English policy is to float lazily downstream, occasionally putting out a diplomatic boathook to avoid collisions. Lord Salisbury.As Britain did not have much to gain from a war with the Central powers, it was not clear until the last moments whether it will stick to its promise and aggregate the war on the French side.In the end, however, the British found something profitable in the war. There were many protests in Britain as socialist parties were emerging. Ireland also precious its own rule and first suffragettes appeared. A short, successful war would have been a good way of moving the focus of the society on something else. The obvious potential gain was destroying German navy and causing a stop to its growth. This was, on the other hand, too risky, as this could inflict big damage to the British navy.Slavs looked up to Russia as the mother of all Slavs (this is called Panslav ism). The goal of most Slavic nationalists, liberals and intellectuals at the time was to form a state in which all Slavs would depart together. This very much concerned Austria-Hungary, Germanys main ally, as many Slavic nations were included in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It also had its own ambitions in the Balkans (annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1908). Austria was worried as Serbia was growing stronger and stronger, wanting to form a state similar to later Yugoslavia. Russia supported this Serbian struggle. With Austria-Hungary and her support of the Central powers on one side and Russia with French, and maybe even British support on the other, the Balkans formed a perfect conflict site.We have to crush Serbia like a viper Austrian commander in chief.Austria-Hungary and Germany thus had reasons for their slight paranoia. As and addition to this served the image of barbaric hordes from the steppes of Asia, charging the civilized central Europe. This visceral fear and the fact that with the population of 166 million people, Russia had practically unfathomable human power reserves (and would be therefore practically undefeatable if there were an adequate amount of equipment) made Russia itself the biggest fear of the Central Powers, as proved by the Schlieffen plan, which stated that it was necessary to focus on Russia after quickly defeating France.We cannot compete with the Russian masses. Von MoltkeA perfect example of the fact that nations went to war mostly because of fear and not gain is first war declaration. This was caused by the Russian mobilization, which was a reaction to German aggression towards Prussia. Russia, however, was for now not going to precede any shape up then a mobilization. But fear and confusion led the Germans into the certainty that Russia is about to attack. German mobilization was then the obvious next step, and The Great War was about to begin.States therefore did go to war because of fear of different issues. But it must be remembered that without any perspective of profit, there would not be anything to fear in the first place. For example, Frances gain would be Germanys loss and thus reasons for war for all countries included both gain and fear aspects. It is, however, obvious that the many miscalculations of mainly, but not only, the German government caused severe confusion and uncertainty about who is actually the one in control, causing this to result in the dominance of fear reasons.Bibliographymy history teacher

Modern Technology Essay Example for Free

Modern Technology EssaySince we be living in Informational century, in that location a lot of technological innovations were invented in order to make easier global connections. One of the most vital innovations is internet which was invented in twentieth century and certain in current century. It is precise bizarre and incredible innovation because of its several beneficial and advantageous sides. First and foremost, internet is an important tool to make connections with all in all sides of the Earth. There are a lot of facilities to help us to make links to each other. One of them is email which makes hazard for us to send and grow letters from our friends or colleagues in a few quantifys.see moretechnology making us lazyFor instance, some one works in a big and prestigious company and he/she needs to send important information, such as meeting time, to his/her colleague. In this case email opportunity is very useful for everybody. In addition, everybody can utilize in ternet to earn money in order to create a new web site. By increasing the visitor to his/her web site creator can take percentage from the internet. On the other hand, there are a lot of transaction web sites available to earn money. All bank systems are working with internet to send and receive money from other banks. Internet makes their works easier and remove magnitude the delivery times of sending and receiving money.Finally, we can get hot news from internet about everything, such as daily news, political, sport news, when we want and where we want. Since it was invented radiocommunication connection opportunities we are able to use internet everywhere. And moreover it makes us available to get information about everything every time. In conclusion, I would interchangeable to sum up and summarize again that internet is one of the most important innovations which makes our lives easy because of its several facilities. Email, earning money and getting news are very vital op portunities for everybody to make their life easier.nowadays our society has enjoyed the benefits of having ultramodern technology.We are blessed with modern tools, which could perform to what seemed to be an impossible task in the historic like retrieving information in a matter of seconds. However, this often comes with unforseen and undesirable consequences defeating the very objective in the first place. To my mind, modern technology is a threat than a boon.It cannot be denied that the technological improvement brings forth to us some advantages. Firstly, it helps man communicate local or oversea by writing email, environ or mobile. A student , for instance, who is studying abroad can parley to his family by chatting and web cam rather than waiting for a hand writing letters. Secondly, the modern tools also support man in business and studying. It makes better condition to fulfill tasks faster and more convenient. For example, a student spend less time searching informatio n and documents by clicking mouse on google rather than is stuck with many books in library. A business man can deal with his job by using laptop and internet whereas he can still enjoy holiday with his family.Nevertheless, for every solution technology provides twice as many problems are likely to cause. The modern technology is to some extent underlying causes of negative things in our society. Its Internet that provides an accessible medium for bad elements such as pornography, crimes and so on. the teenagers who are not conscious enough tend to imitate the sexual and violence clips and images on internet. A typical example of this is the massacre in an American school. A pupil killed his classmates by his father s gun simply because he only acted as a clip he saw. Moreover, the average cast of girls who are pregnant is very soon because of sexual images s influence.Modern technology is the key element for the change of lifestyle loosing the moral value. Man abuses on computer i n all fields. They are lack of face- face communication and therefore the distance between the generations becomes farther. the old people feel lonely at home and far from their off springs who are too busy with computers. Thus, the stability of family are being broken day after day. In addition, energetic and meaty lifestyle is being replaces by wasteful hours in front of computers. Man becomes lazy and isolated from their surroundings.In conclusion. similar to everything. modern technology has both advantages and drawbacks. I personally think that it depends on how we use the modern tools. People should aware of technologys role to solve its bad effectsToday, Americans are faced with the increasing change of technology in our everyday life. Sometimes the change happens and we do not realize how it affects our lives. I think it is always a good idea to talk to someone that is older than yourself, like your grandparents to remind you of the times in their younger years. Hopefully, that will open your eyes to the changes we face in this generation and the generation to come. In this chapter, the author explores the relationship of changing technology to changes in both the environment and social institutions.

Heineken Company Case Study

Heineken Company Case StudyHeineken is the world 3th biggishst beer company base on Netherlands. It has raised signifi ceaset sales end-to-end European countries, also their reapings be sold in nearly almost all countries. It has breweries in 65 countries. It bought abroad breweries or acquired licensing to cut manufacturing cost, explode product line, and facilitate local distribution. For the special oddball, Heineken didnt establish its breweries in the united states because it considered to keep images for import beer. On the other hand, it invested in new- internet based technique to manage international distribution system efficiently. Heineken has been growing up continuously by using a joint venture with big competitors to expand into a new merchandise. To raise spherical market share, it also plan special strategies for each countries.Many government leaders strongly recommend internal unfluctuatings to go international in order to create argumentations and econ omic growth. However, some companies have trouble advancing into overseas market because of a lack of association about the foreign market.1) Economic issues directly connected to the profit (sales) Population The potential customer universe of discourse of the target market quite depends on attribute of the product or service (that a company is marketing). To a B2B firm, for example, the number of people in the country is not a good indicator of how large the market is. Also, B2C firms usually consider the targeted population instead of the number of the whole population. Age and gender are generally considered as main variables for assessing foreign markets. musing about households such(prenominal) as average family size in that country could be also a good indicator. However, it is hard to foresee the future and discriminate with other markets only with simple factors such as age and sex. It could be a good way of understanding foreign markets to pay attention to population distribution using tools worry population pyramids. Income A critical economic factor to look into the target market is income level of the nation. Companies trying to go into foreign markets can measure the market potential through GNI or GDP. Also, they can decide which indicator to use according to the market or product instance for example GNI per capita can be a clear index to grasp the populations standard of living. Nevertheless, average values about income such as GNI, GDP are insufficient to figure out income level of the whole population. In most nations, income isnt fairly distributed among the entire population of each country also there is no certain correlation between income level per capita and degree of income inequality. In short, using income indictors without information of income distribution can distort the result of market research.2) Non-economic issues cultural issues Cultural factors such as language, race, religion, historical background, which reflect attitudes, values, and beliefs, vary among countries. Going into global market without understanding of the target markets culture brings about the failure. It is quite important for firm leaders to figure out how managers manage the firm, how employees behave and how consumers response according to each countrys cultural background. Government regulations Each nation has its regulation and gross on foreign trade. For alcoholic beverageic beverage firms, government regulations might be stricter in some countries that are especially sensitive about alcohol consumption of their people. Additionally, taxation on alcoholic beverages varies among different countries. For example, Islamic countries such as Egypt may give a harsh control to their alcoholic beverage import.Q2. Discuss the advantages or disadvantages for Heineken of exporting its beer from one country to another.Advantages Expand Sales expanding into international market gives various chances to get profit forHeineken. The long term relationship with international market lasts, export development cost can be covered and they increase their additional sales through the market. Also, company can further create economies of surpass to decrease producing cost. Acquire Resources and Compete with Rivals Heineken can acquire resources by sharing and learning knowledge and experience with new marketing technique and foreign competitors. Consequently, Heineken impart improve quality of products, and it can gain more market share in international market. Minimize Risk Beer is sold certain seasons especially summer. Thus, Heineken can utilize and avoid seasonal factors during different season in foreign countries. Also, selling product to multiple markets allows Heineken to diversify their business and spread risk.DisadvantagesComplexity in Operations Heineken need to plan various marketing strategies to meet different needs for each country. Thus, it causes increase in product cost. Also, there are a lot of unpredictable situations for Heineken such as establishment regulation to limit alcohol, natural disaster etc. Heineken has no choice but to be subject on fluctuation other countries situations. Cultural Collision multinational companies have to consider various cultural differences among different countries. For instance, religion, customs, purchasing behaviors are things to consider. Consumption of alcohol is a sensitive matter in this esthesis to many countries and can cause numerous social problems.Q3. What are the key issues facing Heineken insofar as international licensing is concerned?License, is a grant by the holder of a copyright or patent to another of any of the rights embodied in the copyright or patent short of an assignment of all rights.In the case of a beer company as Heineken, this would mean to license a brewery in a country they wish to enter. The licensed local brewery then would produce Heineken stationed beer with Heinekens unique recipe. This way, Heinek en does not need to personally build a new brewery in that area which saves metre and money. Heineken has used licensing as a way to expand its business internationally.Although this business of licensing may sound like a complete win-win situation, at times there are side effects that come along with it. For instance, despite the advantages of licensing, Heineken has otherwise restrained itself from licensing a local brewery in markets such like the US. This was for reasons that had to do with the fact that Heineken was a beer company. Reasons that people consume a certain brand of beer can be various but simply to name the devil main reasons would be because first, a consumer is simply loyal to that brand because they grew up with it or, for a second reason, to drink a particular brand of beer gives the consumer a sense of exoticness. The first reason usually goes for local brands, and the second reason goes for foreign brands. Thus, to produce a beer that people drink mainly be cause it is a foreign brand in a local brewery would definitely drive consumers away. Moreover because consumers believe that the real Heineken beer comes from Dutch breweries, Heineken is able to charge double for Dutch made beers.The case of Hoegaarden illustrates the difference of perception on locally-made beer and imported beer. After Korean consumers found out that Hoegaarden, a Belgian beer was being locally produced, many complained that the taste was different. most even started calling the beer O-garden, referring to that fact that it was licensed to Korean beer company OB.Q4. Compare the FDI between Heineken and Anheuser-BuschAnheuser-Busch has FDIs in usually large emerging markets such as chinaware and Mexico. It invests heavily in these markets through large local companies. In China for instance, Anheuser-Busch paid $700 million for the Harbin Brewery and in the case of Mexico, Anheuser-Busch owns 50 percent of Modelo, the maker of Corona.Heineken who was the broac h of entering international markets for beer companies, has slightly smaller scaled FDIs. Apart from the size of the FDIs, Heineken usually entered countries that were neighboring or African countries that had historical relations with European countries. closing curtain1. Alternatives1) The current situation Heineken has refused to establish a brewery in the United States, instead, they keep shipping its beer to the U.S. Thats because customers in the U.S. dont accept the fact that the beer, which is made in a brewery in there, is the same with what Heineken export from its home country.2) AlternativesWe recommend not to ship Heineken beers into the U.S. but to set up a brewery in the U.S. In the case of Asahi beer, which is the top Japanese beer, they increased in sales, using FDI when they go into the foreign market. Penetrating into the U.S. market with FDI, which is distinguished from licensing, would help American customers notice there is no difference between beer from Nethe rlands and from its own country. For using this strategy in the U.S. market, we suggest a couple of effective ways to cope with the potential risk. Positive marketing The failure that Heineken see previously results from customers recognition. In order to make this tactic successful, therefore, Heineken has to give customers perception that beer from the U.S. brewery has no difference from the original one. Heineken could actively use various marketing strategies such as blind tasting. Pricing It has high risk for Heineken to suddenly switch its distribution channel. There is possibility to bring about the same failure with before, so they can use a gradual way to relieve risks. Pricing is a good way. At the beginning, Heineken maintain the original exported beer at the same time produce beer in the U.S. brewery. Then they differentiate the price between two kinds of beer, even if there is no change in the recipe. The original exported beer would have high price than the other. Th us, we can expect for customers in the U.S. to make a choice between Heineken beers, not another brand.2. RecommendationActually, Heineken is doing a quite good job in the global market, but they tend to pursue only safe way in their marketing. Therefore, we could recommend some ways to improve their state in the international market which is getting tough.First of all, we give a recommendation of growing in the U.S. market. Even though other markets of developing countries, such as BRICs, are arising, the U.S. market is still one of the largest markets worldwide. So, it would be better for Heineken to penetrate the U.S. market more positivelySecondly, it would be important for Heineken to sustain and extend its global market share. Do not stop raising the number of its worldwide breweries and the reputation in each nation.Last but not least, more obstreperous and innovative advertising about its product might help to improve its sales and status in the industry. It seems that the main target of Heineken cannot include young people, so it can have a chance to capture the young who would be its large target. Additionally, Heineken needs to grasp trends such as hearty-being. It should lead as well as follow the trend they can introduce low-calorie and healthy beer to follow well-being trend.

Mcdonalds Corporation Is The Worlds Largest Chain Marketing Essay

Mcdonalds Corporation Is The Worlds Largest Chain Marketing EssayMcDonalds Corporation is the worlds largest bowed stringed instrument of tumultuous food restaurants, serving roughly 47 million customers daily through more than 31,000 restaurants in 119 countries worldwide. McDonalds sells various fast food items and soft drinks including, burgers, chicken, salads, fries, and ice cream. Many McDonalds restaurants have included a playground for children and advertising geargond toward children, and some have been redesigned in a more natural style, with a particular emphasis on comfort introducing loll atomic number 18as and fireplaces, and eliminating hard plastic chairs and tables.Each McDonalds restaurant is operated by a franchisee, an affiliate, or the corporation itself. The corporations revenues come from the rent, royalties and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurants. McDonalds revenues grew 27% over the three years ending in 2007 t o $22.8 billion, and 9% growth in operating income to $3.9 billion.1History analysisThe business began in 1940, with a restaurant opened by brothers Dick and Mac McDonald in San Bernardino, California.Their introduction of the Speedee Service System in 1948 established the principles of the modern fast-food restaurant.The original mascot of McDonalds was a man with a chefs hat on top of a hamburger shaped head whose name was Speedee. Speedee was eventu every(prenominal)y replaced with Ronald McDonald in 1963.The present corporation dates its installation to the opening of a franchised restaurant by Ray Kroc, in Des Plaines, Illinois on April 15, 1955 , the ninth McDonalds restaurant overall. Kroc later purchased the McDonald brothers equity in the company and guide its worldwide expansion and the company became listed on the public stock markets in 1965.With the expansion of McDonalds into many international markets, the company has become a symbol of sphericization and the spre ad of the American way of life. Its prominence has also made it a frequent topic of public debates about obesity, corporate ethics and consumer responsibility.2VisionTo be the best and leading fast food provider around the globeMissionMcDonalds brand mission is to be our customers favorite place and way to eat, and repair our operations to provide the most delicious fast food that meet our customers expectations.ValuesOur values summarized in Q.S.C. V.. Provide good character reference, services to customer. Have a cleanliness environment when customer enjoys their meal. The value of food product steels every customer is smiling.SuppliersSubstitutesBuyersPotential entrantsCompetitive rivalryThe Five Forces FrameworkThe Threat of EntrantsLarge established companies with substantial brand identities such as McDonalds BKC, YUM, and WEN do make it more difficult to enter and succeed in spite of appearance the marketplace new entrants find that they are faced with price competition from existing chain restaurants.Bargaining Power of BuyersLow bargaining power of buyers.Bargaining power of suppliersBargaining power of suppliers within the fast food industry would be relatively small, unless the main ingredient of the product is not readily available.Threat of SubstitutesThis could range from a competitive fast food restaurant to family restaurant to a home cooked meal.Competitive RivalryThe strength of competition in this industry is very high the main rivals are BKC, YUM, and WEN. They compete with international, national, regional, local, retailers of food products (restaurants, quick service, pizza, coffee shops, and supermarkets).PESTEL FrameworkPoliticalThe international operations of McDonalds are highly influenced by the individual state policies enforced by each government.EconomicMcDonalds has the tendency to experience hardship in instances where the economy of the respective states is hit by inflation and changes in the exchange rates.Market leader. in truth high target market.Low damage and more incomes.The rate at which the economy of that particular state grows determines the purchasing power of the consumers in that country.Social functional within many social groups.Increase employments.TechnologicalAdvanced technology development.Quality standards.EnvironmentalQuality packing.Local manufacture using foreign supplies. legalLegislation for product.Sustained logo.SWOT ANALYSISOpportunitiesThreatsGrowing health trends among consumersGlobalization, expansion in other countries (especially in chinaware India).Diversification and scholarship of other quick-service restaurants. harvest-tide of the fast-food industry.Worldwide deregulation.Low cost menu that will attract the customers.Freebies and discounts.wellness professionals and consumer activists accuse McDonalds of contributing to the countrys health issue of high cholesterol, heart attacks, diabetes, and obesity.The relationship surrounded by corporate level McDonalds and its franchise dealers.McDonalds competitors threatened market share of the company both internationally and domestically.anti-American sentiments.Global recession and fluctuating foreign currencies.Fast-food chain industry is anticipate to struggle to meet the expectations of the customers towards health and environmental issues.StrengthWeakness difficult brand name, image and reputation.Large market share.Strong worldwide presence.Specialized training for managers known as the Hamburger University.McDonalds Plan to win pointes on people, products, place, price and promotion.Strong financial performance and position.Unhealthy food image. mettlesome Staff overthrow including Top management node losses due to fierce competition.Legal actions related to health issues use of trans fat beef oil.Uses HCFC-22 to make polystyrene that is contributing to ozone depletion.Ignoring breakfast from the menu.COMPARISIONMcDonaldsBurger KingYum BrandsWendysCritical Success Factors clogRati ngWeighted stigmaRatingWeighted ScoreRatingWeighted ScoreRatingWeighted ScorePrice0.1540.6030.4530.4530.45Financial bewilder0.0840.3230.3230.2420.16Consumer consignment0.1040.4030.4030.3020.20Advertising0.1030.3030.3040.4020.20Product Quality0.1040.4030.4040.4020.20Innovation0.1530.4530.4530.4520.30Market Share0.1040.4020.2030.3020.20Management0.0740.2830.2130.2130.21Global Expansion0.1540.6020.3030.4510.15Total13.753.033.202.07 outside Factor Evaluation (EFE) MatrixKey External FactorsWeightRatingWeighted ScoreOpportunitiesGrowing health trends among consumers0.0830.24Globalization, expansion in other countries (especially in China India).0.1240.48Diversification and acquisition of other quick-service restaurants..0430.12Growth of the fast-food industry..1030.30Worldwide deregulation.0420.08Low cost menu that will attract the customers..0820.16Freebies and discounts..0810.08ThreatsHealth professionals and consumer activists accuse McDonalds of contributing to the countrys healt h issue of high cholesterol, heart attacks, diabetes, and obesity.0.1030.30The relationship surrounded by corporate level McDonalds and its franchise dealers.0.0930.27McDonalds competitors threatened market share of the company both internationally and domestically.0.1240.48Anti-American sentiments..072.14Global recession and fluctuating foreign currencies..043.12Fast-food chain industry is expected to struggle to meet the expectations of the customers towards health and environmental issues..042.08Total1.002.85Financial Ratio Analysis 12/2007Growth Rates %McDonalds assiduitySP 500 sales (Qtr vs year ago qtr)-3.304.20-3.80Net Income (YTD vs YTD)84.7047.908.40Net Income (Qtr vs year ago qtr)-22.60-59.90-94.80gross revenue (5-Year Annual Avg.)6.538.1413.26Net Income (5-Year Annual Avg.)23.3915.3014.45Dividends (5-Year Annual Avg.)32.3622.3612.30Price RatiosCurrent P/E Ratio14.714.213.0P/E Ratio 5-Year HighN/A9.512.5P/E Ratio 5-Year LowN/A4.72.0Price/Sales Ratio2.621.881.47Price/Book Value4.623.543.00Price/Cash Flow Ratio11.2010.009.00Profit margins %Gross Margin36.732.139.4Pre-Tax Margin26.217.213.2Net Profit Margin18.312.09.15Yr Gross Margin (5-Year Avg.)33.933.339.15Yr PreTax Margin (5-Year Avg.)19.814.216.65Yr Net Profit Margin (5-Year Avg.)13.79.811.45Financial ConditionDebt/Equity Ratio0.76.801.03Current Ratio1.41.21.4Quick Ratio1.31.11.1 delight CoverageN/A1.229.9Leverage Ratio2.1-5.31.9Book Value/Share12.0010.0019.75Investment buffets %Return On Equity32.244.427.9Return On Assets14.911.38.1Return On Capital17.013.711.2Return On Equity (5-Year Avg.)19.722.820.6Return On Assets (5-Year Avg.)10.08.988.5Return On Capital (5-Year Avg.)11.411.011.5Management EfficiencyIncome/Employee10,7839,40191,499Revenue/Employee58,80698,2071,000,000Receivable Turnover23.744.715.8Inventory Turnover125.798.712.3Asset Turnover0.81.11.0Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) MatrixKey Internal FactorsWeightRatingWeighted ScoreStrengthsStrong brand name, image and reputation.0.1240. 48Large market share.0.1040.40Strong global presence.0.0430.12Specialized training for managers known as the Hamburger University.0.0430.12McDonalds Plan to Win focuses on people, products, place, price and promotion0.1240.48Strong financial performance and position.0.0840.32Introduction of new products.0.0640.24Customer focus (centric).0.0640.24Strong performance in the global marketplace.0.0840.32WeaknessesUnhealthy food image.0.0810.08High Staff Turnover including Top management0.0410.10Customer losses due to fierce competition.0.0410.04Legal actions related to health issues use of trans fat beef oil.0.0420.08McDonalds uses HCFC-22 to make polystyrene that is contributing to ozone depletion.0.0420.08Ignoring breakfast from the menu.0.0610.06Total1.003.16SPACE MatrixFinancial StrengthRatingEnvironmental StabilityRatingReturn on investment4Rate of inflation-3Leverage4Demand Changes-3Net Income6Price Elasticity of demand-1EPS5Competitive pressure-3ROE5Barriers to entry new markets- 3Cash Flow4Risk involved in business-2 clean4.67Average-2.5Y-axis2.17Competitive AdvantageRating manufacture StrengthRatingMarket share-1.00Growth potential5Product Quality-1.00Financial stability5Customer Loyalty-1.00 comfortableness of entry new markets4Control over other parties-2.00Resources utilization4Profit potential5Demand variability3Average-1.25Average4.33X-axis3.08Directional vector point is 3.08, 2.17)ConservativeAggressiveCompetitiveDefensiveFSISCAESGrand Strategy MatrixQuadrant IIQuadrant IQuadrant IVQuadrant IIIRapid Market GrowthStrong CompetitivePositionWeakCompetitivePositionSlow Market GrowthThe Boston Consulting Group (BCG) MatrixQuestion MarksCash CowsDogsRelative Market Share PositionIndustrySalesGrowthRateStarsMCDThe Internal-External (IE) MatrixThe IFE Total Weighted ScoreStrong Average Weak3.0 to 4.0 2.0 to 2.99 1.0 to 1.99IIIIIIHigh3.0 to 3.99VIVIVThe EFE Total Weighted ScoreMcDonaldsMedium2.0 to2.99IXVIIIVIILow1.0 to 1.99The Quantitative Strategic Plannin g Matrix(QSPM)Strategy 1Expand further in Asia by adding 500 restaurantsStrategy 2Applying 0 grams Trans fat in all worldwide McDonalds restaurantsKey Internal FactorsWeightASTASASTASStrengthsStrong brand name, image and reputation0.1240.4840.48Large market share0.1040.4020.20Strong global presence0.0440.1220.08Specialized training for managers known as the Hamburger University0.04McDonalds Plan to Win focuses on people, products, place, price and promotion0.1240.4840.48Strong financial performance and position0.0840.3240.32Introduction of new products0.06Customer focus (centric)0.0610.0640.24Strong performance in the global marketplace0.0830.2410.08WeaknessesUnhealthy food image0.0810.0840.32High Staff Turnover including Top management0.10Customer losses due to fierce competition0.0430.1210.04Legal actions related to health issues use of trans fat beef oil0.0410.0440.16Uses HCFC-22 to make polystyrene that is contributing to ozone depletion0.04SUB heart1.002.342.40Strategy 1Expand further in Asia by adding 500 restaurantsStrategy 2Applying 0 grams Trans fat in all worldwide McDonalds restaurantsKey External FactorsWeightASTASASTASOpportunitiesGrowing health trends among consumers0.0810.0840.32Globalization, expansion in other countries (especially in China India)0.1240.4810.12Diversification and acquisition of other quick-service restaurants0.04Growth of the fast-food industry0.1040.4040.40Worldwide deregulation0.0440.1610.04Low cost menu that will attract the customers0.08Freebies and discounts0.08ThreatsHealth professionals and consumer activists accuse McDonalds of contributing to the countrys health issue of high cholesterol, heart attacks, diabetes, and obesity0.1010.1040.40The relationship between corporate level McDonalds and its franchise dealers0.0940.3610.09McDonalds competitors threatened market share of the company both internationally and domestically0.1240.4840.48Anti-American sentiments0.07Global recession and fluctuating foreign currencies0. 04Fast-food chain industry is expected to struggle to meet the expectations of the customers towards health and environmental issues0.0410.0440.16SUBTOTAL1.002.102.01SUM TOTAL ATTRACTIVENESS SCORE4.444.41.ConclusionMcDonalds faces some difficult challenges. Key to its future success will be maintaining its core strengths-an unwavering focus on quality and consistency-while carefully experimenting with new options. These innovative initiatives could include launching higher-end restaurants under new brands that wouldnt be saddled with McDonalds fast-food image. The company could also look into expanding more aggressively foreign where the prospects for significant growth are greater.The companys environment efforts, while important, should not overshadow its marketing initiatives, which are what the company is all about.RecommendationsExpand further into Asia markets over a 2-year period by adding 500 restaurants per year at a cost of $4 billion annually, and applying 0 grams Trans fat in all worldwide McDonalds restaurants.

Customer Relationship Management Business Dilemma Marketing Essay

Customer Relationship Management Business Dilemma Marketing EssayThe most potent person in caf or in whatever personal line of credit argon the guests, since without nodes, one does not have a business. Everything in a business milieu revolves round customers. Similarly, in case of our caf, customers are a key to a successful business at the end of the day. Knowing your customers and providing satis incidention to those customers would gain customer loyalty. Grandfather gave priority to customers thats why he k sunrise(prenominal) all his customers. However, just knowing your customers is not adequacy one affects to go for a record of its customers so that its lucky to analyze. Since customers are really influential towards a business, business (in our case, cafe) should treat individually and every customer as if they were the completely customer. While serving each customer, one must keep in mind the necessitys of that exceptional customer only and should serve in such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) a way that the value exceeds their expectation. Giving most priority towards customers would enhance customer loyalty and keep that customer attached to a particular business.Through customers, a business weed improve its business as said by Bill Gates Your most unhappy customers are your greatest source of learning. Customer complains in fact is a key to improve the operate, for instance, if a customer complains that the way coffee served was not pleasant and did not met the expectation, that complain rump be single-valued functiond as a tool to improve the coffee serving process by and through further training workshops for employees in that area. Thus, customers complain goat be seen as a challenge to be met in future to make him/her (customer) happy and attracted to the cafe. If you treat your customers well, your customers will go out of their way to return to you. in that locationfore, customer feedback and paint a pictureion can athletic supporter improve a service. However, the caf whitethorn not have answers or response for all of customer questions and suggestions.Customers could process or hurt the cafe through viral marketing. Word of mouth marketing is the largest determining factor for a service business characterization, which can be each online chatting or physical talk. If the service in caf is up to the expectation of the customer, it would help the caf to attract more customers through viral marketing and gain market share. However, if the intersections and service in caf is very brusque which made the customer unhappy can spread negative impression on other customers, hurting the comp whatsoever through losing its current and authority customers. Moreover, online chitchat or complain on the cafes website can be injurious such as comment on You subway system. Literally, the customer does not intend to harm or hurt the comp whatever they just want their needs to be fulfilled and servic e is up to their expectation. As already mentioned customer complains can provide an opportunity, in that locationby, component the caf to improve its service.My employees will agree that customers are the most important part of cafe since thats the reason they are in cafe. If there wouldnt be any customer, there wouldnt be need for employees. Thus, customers determine or secure the period of employment of the employee. If there are someer customers, employees may be laid off to make love down be. However, some(prenominal) employees may feel that they are the most important part in a business. Employees are the most important asset of any business. If caf doesnt value its staff, it would demoralize them which can encroachment their performance in service. And as a result, their poor performance can hinder customer growth of caf. Thus, some employees value themselves as the most valuable person in a business when compared to customers.MAKING BUSINESS stopping point IVirtual w orld is a 3D, electronically-generated environment where users can interact, shit and communicate just as they would in the real world for example, second disembodied spirit (http//ictwm.org/news/ practical(prenominal)-worlds-help-real-businesses).Virtual world provides good deal with experiences rather than processing transaction. Once slew get attached to virtual experience, they would be excited about experiencing it in real aliveness. This would only be workable through going to the real caf which would help the business in transaction processing. It to a fault aids in mass customization as customers design or suggest what they exactly want. Virtual world encourage interaction, collaboration and communication. It can be entreed from anywhere in the world, and so, keeping concourse and caf connected. If caf provides continuous updates in virtual world, people nearby the caf would go for new and innovative products in that caf just because of that cafes presence in virtua l world which would enhance the business/caf operations. It could also be a marketing tool for the cafe to promote its menus for the day through frequently changing attractive ads in the virtual world.Customer relationship in virtual world is very delicate matters since one does not physically re lay down to create impression. Virtual world should be designed in such a way that it is appealing and attractive to a customer. In virtual world, cafe business would be better able to meet customer satisfaction with token(prenominal) or no cost by changing designs to streng indeed virtual customer relationship. Customer wont need to wait in long lines to be served, one can just go to the cafes website and get the taste of coffee or of service in that caf. Virtual world does not restrict the access to any person any person can access to the website to have a taste. In other words, there is a greater reach and clashing to maintain strong customer relationship. Caf can be always available to its customer through virtual world without any disruption. Customers would be in a position to take what they want based on their own specification. This makes the customer feel like king through providing their customized products and enhancing better customer relationship.In tralatitious customer relationship counsel strategies, there has been lack of customer experience, co-creation, co-production and collaboration with customers. Thus, our dodging to manage customer in new virtual world is through co-creation and co-production with customers. Co-creation and co-production with customers is different than traditional customer-centric approaches in that the focus is not to learn as much as possible about customers but instead consider them as equal problem solvers (http//findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb5858/is_200711/ai_n32252899/pg_2/). Giving customers an important role in the value chain can affect customer satisfaction. Value in co-creation derived by customers purpose ful interaction cannot be obtained me affirm from petition the customers to answer questions and leave comments. Virtual worlds may provide an experience space that supports experience networks which go beyond the domain of a single company and its suppliers to one that is experience-centric to the customers.(http//findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb5858/is_200711/ai_n32252899/pg_3)Moreover, since there is a growing use of internet, it would be easier for company to collaborate with its customers through electronic CRM. Electronic CRM has a wider scope for managing customer relationship in a variety of ways and not just collaboration ranging from designing and pricing of digital products to loyalty programs.Supporting Second Life customers differs from supporting website customers as well as traditional customers.In second sp effectiveliness, caf can design and create those products and service that a particular customer wants. It allows basically for customization as well as reachin g out to customers for ideas, prototyping and feedback in a particular area giving caf a better competitive advantage. This means that customer support in second career would need to be met in real time especially to a customers pack. Second life is basically everything being electronic whereas traditional revolves around physical presence. Moreover, collaboration between customers and company is a major support in second life unlike traditional customers. Website supports customers with visitor study and product review. It does not allow a customer to get the feeling of being in caf. However, second life gives a customer a virtual feel of being part of that caf in addition to visitor development. To make the experience of a virtual world customer great, second life location should offer free virtual coffee, music, and chairs with tables for customers to hang out. In the traditional (physical) environment, the caf needed to be closed in(p) off at a particular time, even though customers were involved in deep discussion. This does not happen in second life. Second life supports customers to continue with whatever they are doing in the virtual caf without any time limit and can chat as late as they want. Furthermore, upcoming events, artistry and music should be available to customers visiting second life so that it becomes interesting and encourages them to explore the site. Another difference between traditional and second life customer support is in terms of advertising. In past, business would use advertising agency to promote their products but now the caf can do in house advertising in virtual world attracting wider range of customers all round the world.Second life does not provide authentication of a persons identity. There is no access control and anyone can easily get into the second life and if there is any confidential teaching for customers only, that can be easily leaked and used to the disadvantage of the business, that is, the caf. Moreo ver, phishing can easily take place whereby an intruder who is against the caf business can create a website similar to the caf site and trick the customers into inputting confidential info. This confidential information can be used as a tool to harm the image of the caf through missing the customers information which would tremendously impact on the caf business. Similarly, misrepresentation can be other issue just like phishing, whereby someone designs an avatar that looks just like the avatar of a customer service representative.Other issue involves the obsolesce of real life location. Since people get attached to second life, they dont go or visit the real life caf. Second life caf can be visited by anyone but real world caf may not be. People in a region would only be visiting the caf and if those limited people get attached to second life caf, there wont be much importance of real life caf. Thus, issue arises that second life should be positioned and designed in such a way t hat real life caf does not get obsolete and people remain attracted to it as well to have real currency flow in business. Due to lack of authentication, cover concerns arise. Maintaining customer confidentiality becomes an ethical issue and a challenge for businesses.MAKING BUSINESS DECISION IIYou Tube can be an important vehicle to communicate with the cafes customers. It is a popular free picture show sharing website where people can also comment on a particular delineation. We would design and create video clips of the cafes products and the way service is provided in caf and then share it on You Tube, using cartoon characters and other imaginary characters making the clip funny, interesting and informative. Through these clips, we can conveniently show our customers how we have lessen the problem of long wait lines. Firstly, we would make clips showing more counters for serving as well as drive in windows. Long wait lines are basically because of few or only one counter, thus showing a clip with more counters can be seen as a conjectural rectification to the problem. Moreover, for travelers who want to be served instantly while in their vehicle, drive in windows would be a upshot to avoid waiting in lines when in rush as in case of McDonalds in Fiji. Clip can show a customer ordering and being served in just few seconds through drive in windows. Furthermore, online ordering and tele-ordering can also be a rectification to long waiting lines. Through virtual world or cafes website, customers can order online as well as through phone calls onward actually going to caf so that on their arrival, their order is prepared and no waiting is required. These solutions can be depicted on You Tube through videos using animated characters.You Tube as a communication vehicle, is free and easy to use. Unlike advertising over television, which is associated with costs, You Tube provides this for free whereby anyone can watch the videos and pass comments about how th ey feel about that particular video. As already said, it saves property on marketing since advertising can be done through clips to promote the caf. You Tube has a wider reach in terms of customers and markets. It is not cut back to a particular geographical region or location. Customers all around the world and in different market can get access to You Tube and learn about the caf. Also through You Tube, caf can get a great deal of information to many people in a minuscule amount of time just through one clip. These benefits show that You Tube can be an efficient communication vehicle for any business whether it be caf or a car dealer.However, there are various disadvantages for You Tube as well. Since it can be viewed by anyone in the world, it may capture thrown-away(prenominal) attention, for instance, is a person does not love coffee, he/she may not like the clip based on coffee and would comment negatively which would create bad impression to other customers. You Tube also in some cases compresses the content of clips and other files, making it unappealing to customers as its not presented in the right way intended and information can be chopped in that compression. Products may not be clear to customers, thus, proper communication of that product such as coffee maybe hindered. Also due to missing information or half information, it could become difficult to understand what the file tries to reveal to customers. Issues of privacy concern and copyright infringement can be cons of You Tube. Privacy can be made vulnerable as amount of information on video can be dangerous such as unintentionally showing where an employee lives or showing someones bio-data while promoting the product or service.Therefore, before starting to use You Tube as a medium of communication vehicle, one must clearly study the pros and cons of it to see whether benefits are there or not.Other new technologies that can be used as a customer communication vehicle that would be more effective than You Tube are social networking sites such as twitter and facebook. It allows more than just posting video. One can post comments, pictures, update information and create events on it. Twitter and facebook help bring customers together. With help of twitter, cafe can send an grand about new deals or offers in the caf. Blogging can also be a publishing medium. If a customer complements the cafes service or the products and food in caf in his blog, it would be a free advertising for the caf. But can also harm the image if blogger comments in a negative way. grant YOUR KNOWLEDGETo obtain high eccentric data, systems in the caf must be integrated, since quality information does make a difference in any business. Major importance of quality information is that it induces enhanced, accurate and appropriate decision making. The quality of information used to make business decision determines the quality of decision made. Having real time system in caf would provide real ti me information in response to decision makers queries and requests. lavishly quality decisions can significantly impact the cafes bottom line, thus, profitability. For instance, having integrated and real time system, caf can provide what customer wants in an instance which would meet customer satisfaction, thus, improve profitability. Moreover, high quality information enables any business to track valuable customers who generate most revenues. Having proper information about a particular customer visiting caf frequently can help caf identify the loyal customer and could reward him or her so that they keep coming in future. Uses can place confidence on information of high quality since it is reliable. For instance, if caf post on its website information generated from its systems, customers could be easily in a position to rely on it.On the other hand, low quality information results in various business effects. Low quality information are those which has missing information examp le no first name of customer, incomplete information example no street or missing area code, probable duplicate information such as similar name, same address or phone number and potentially wrong information. The effects of this on cafes business would be its softness to accurately track customers, difficulty identifying valuable customers, inability to identify selling opportunities of cafes product, marketing to non-existent customers, difficulty tracking revenue and inability to variant strong customer relationship (net slides). Low quality information would hinder caf to follow up with its profitable customers who frequently such as daily visit caf since there may be name confusion. Also if systems are not integrated, it becomes difficult to provide accurately what customer wants and may lead to providing wrong products. This will affect the demand and supply of a particular product which would not be reliable. Also caf may be marketing and promoting its caf and product to a non-existent customer online due to fake or same names who are not cafes usual customers. Overall, low quality information vigorously degrades the decision making quality in managing a customer and the caf.The examples of information that can be used by The Broadway Caf to gain better understanding of its customers are customers taste and preferences. If the caf gets a picture of what their current and potential customers would like to consume, caf can be prepared for the product and provide the customer that product when they actually came and demand. Moreover, having a brief idea about the customers disposable income would help understand the affordability of prices by customers. This would give the caf a view as to what prices customers would be willing to pay for the cafes products such as coffee. Changes in environment and weather would also help in getting to know the customers and their wants, for instance, coffee would be largely demanded during colder seasons in Fiji.Some of the data quality issues are as follows. Firstly, dirty data issues due to data errors which can be attributed to human errors or an application error due to legacy systems. Since theres a large quantity of data to be fed in the system, humans are prone to make errors. Missing and duplicate data are other two issues (Turban, E., and Volonino, L., 2009). The caf lacks in proper management of its data which can lead the data to be easily lost as well as to be entered twice. This could really affect the output results thus affecting decision making. Moreover, data can be non-standardized and massed up due to lack of standards. The strategies the company can use to avoid such data quality issues are to implement Master Data Management system. It is comprises a set of processes and tools that consistently defines and manages the non-transactional data entities of an memorial tablet. MDM has the objective of providing processes for collecting, aggregating, matching, consolidating, qual ity-assuring, persisting and distributing such data throughout an organization to ensure consistency and control in the ongoing maintenance and application use of this information. (http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_data_management) MDM would reduce or eliminate the data quality issues, giving a unified view of enterprise data. It can also use automated data entry, Web forms for individual entering data with data integrity checks and throw off down menus and radio buttons. (Turban, E., and Volonino, L., 2009) having frequent data audits in the system can also aid in preventing the above mentioned issues since data would be continuously reviewed and any errors would be detected and corrected appropriately without further problems in future.CAFES BEST CUSTOMERS**Customer IDTotal Sales Amount ($)354818,261.86443826,474.28565711,342.98689110,585.941380133,555.501395919,593.6527017714,355.9929489611,348.4030566849,647.4554013516,338.02130994811,401.60** We have assumed that the cafes b est customers are the ones that bring in sales amount dollars of more than $10000.Listed above are the cafes best customers. The caf should offer to its valuable customers loyalty marketing programs such as order programs whereby a customer would get points for every purchase they make and when they reach a certain level and collected enough points, will get a special reward such as Jacks of Fiji which is using this marketing system to keep their loyal customers attached. Moreover, the caf can give its valuable customers loyalty tease as MH in Fiji is dong with its flash and gain card. Providing customers with promotional vouchers would also give them a feeling of appreciation for their service. Keeping in touch strategy can also be a way of marketing campaign towards valuable customers. Giving personal attention towards the profitable customers is a way to build relationship and keep them in your business. This can be done by sending them promotional messages personally through e mail or calls frequently and asking for their feedbacks as to what they would like in future and their expectation from caf.Broadway CafeQuestionNameTotalWhat is the best selling product?Music CD$776,813.17What is the shoot selling product?Kids CD$96What is the best sales month?3$569,339.10What is the cudgel sales month?5$58,501.06What is the best selling product during the best month?Music CD$235,054.45What is the worst selling product during the best month?Kids CD$64What is the best selling product during the worst month?Music CD$33,684.43What is the worst selling product during the worst month?Food$63.2* For answering the above questions, we have taken our base as sales amount values to reach an answer.SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENTBUSINESS DILEMMABroadway Caf can reinvent the caf by making use of demand supply software. This software would enable the caf to be prepared in peak hours of business since it would capture and give information as and when a customer enters either the caf or the car park of the caf. For instance, as part of software set, a camera can be attached at the roof of the caf to capture information on people entering the car park and determine what they would normally order at that particular time of the day. Also, it would allow the caf to keep track of its rhythmical customers and their demands, thus, have the items available for them without having them wait in lines. This can be done before a customer enters the caf. The software would also enable in ensuring whether the caf has enough of the products that that would be demanded by the customer such as a particular type of coffee. Although the implementation of such a software would be costly at its initial stage, it would be beneficial for caf in future as it is located in Suva, to obtain customer satisfaction and where people are always in rush. Thus, demand planning software would be a great benefit for the caf.Like Netflix, we would not see caf suitable a supplier in another busine ss supply such as hotel industry since our caf itself is very small at this stage. First, it needs to widen its customer base with the help of demand planning software and online ordering system (electronic ordering). Since our caf has a website, we could include in that a feature where customers order online, stipendiary through credit cards or paying subscription fee for being in that account. The caf can based on customers order deliver the items to the customer within the Suva area if large quantities are ordered such as Pizza King which delivers pizza to people living in urban and suburban areas. Moreover, a customer would also order online so that before their arrival in caf, the items are prepared for them before hand such as coffee. Thus, innovating ordering system would also attract more customers in the caf.With the help of these supply chain technologies, the caf can expand its customer base and from there on can think bigger and better options such as becoming supplier of coffee/coffee beans to hotels or other businesses such as MacDonald.MAKING BUSINESS DECISION IThe success of any business depends on its ability of short and long term planning. As a concerned business operator, I would always maintain some inventory in my store for such unexpected events especially coffee beans which are in demand. Since not being able to meet customer demand would lead to losing out customers. Thus, our caf would keep with its operation regardless of disruption in supply chain du to dockworkers strike and would run on warehouse inventory (Brazil Beans, China Tea and custom umber press machines).Moreover, based on available inventory analysis in the warehouse, we would determine how long supply would last. Is our warehouse inventory wouldnt be able to meet up with the disruption period, we would resort to redundant suppliers since all suppliers wont be affected at once with the same problem. We would consider our temporary local suppliers such as Nestle to supp ly us with similar products as long as we are able to operate efficiently, although the cost in emergency need may be higher than usual price paid to our opinionated suppliers.Since the caf has been going towards demand-driven manufacturing, Radio Frequency Identification Technologies (RFIT) would be the newest and most efficient solution to supply chain problems. RFIT is the most valuable technology to track inventory. If inventory level in any case would be low, it would trigger automatic alert to our suppliers. It is an important device in global transportation both land and sea. It ensures that inventory level are checked and replenished on need by need basis. Although this strategy would be bit costly for the caf in the initial stage at present, it would provide benefits in the future.Another strategy I would recommend is to create a position as freight specialist whose job would be to enable transportation of products in whatever the situation maybe and at any cost. The freig ht specialist would guarantee that products would reach the caf on time to meet customer demand and if not than they would be responsible for the loss.MAKING BUSINESS DECISION IIBroadway caf No moveBroadway CafUnits sold per month20,000Unit variable costs$0.50Average unit sales price$2.20Current fixed costs$5,000Added lease payment, new offices$2,500Projected fixed costs$7,500Sales monthUnitsSalesFixed CostsVariable CostsEBITJanuary6,582$14,480$5,000$3,291$6,189February11,121$24,466$5,000$5,561$13,906March14,178$31,192$5,000$7,089$19,103April13,692$30,122$5,000$6,846$18,276May11,597$25,513$5,000$5,799$14,715June9,599$21,118$5,000$4,800$11,318July9,913$21,809$5,000$4,957$11,852 rarefied10,926$24,037$5,000$5,463$13,574September14,349$31,568$5,000$7,175$19,393October12,965$28,523$5,000$6,483$17,041November6,972$15,338$5,000$3,486$6,852December2,455$5,401$5,000$1,228($827)Sum$151,393Broadway caf MoveBroadway CafUnits sold per month20,000Unit variable costs$0.30Average unit sales price $2.20Projected fixed costs$7,500Sales monthUnitsSalesFixed CostsVariable CostsEBITJanuary6,582$14,480$7,500$1,975$5,006February11,121$24,466$7,500$3,336$13,630March14,178$31,192$7,500$4,253$19,438April13,692$30,122$7,500$4,108$18,515May11,597$25,513$7,500$3,479$14,534June9,599$21,118$7,500$2,880$10,738July9,913$21,809$7,500$2,974$11,335August10,926$24,037$7,500$3,278$13,259September14,349$31,568$7,500$4,305$19,763October12,965$28,523$7,500$3,890$17,134November6,972$15,338$7,500$2,092$5,747December2,455$5,401$7,500$737($2,836)Sum$146,263APPLY YOUR KNOWLEDGEBroadway Caf Shipping AnalysisNumber to ship from DC to Roasting PlantsDCsTotalSalt LakeChicagoAlbeq

Four Procedures Commonly Used in Refractive Eye Surgery Essay examples

Four Procedures Commonly Used in Refractive Eye Surgery One of the first things put on in the morning and champion of the last things taken off in the evening, glasses and contacts play a large part in the everyday lives of those who depend upon them to see clearly. These two types of nonindulgent lenses allow for cle atomic number 18r vision, but glasses and contacts atomic number 18 also inconvenient. Sports, especially contact sports, are more difficult to play when glasses get in the office or break. For those who can wear them, contacts are an improvement over glasses wearing contacts for 18 hours a day, however, is not healthy for the contacts or the eyes. Therefore, other methods are desired to correct vision. Ophthalmologists have long dreamed of equipment and techniques to permanently correct refractive problems. For more than 100 years, doctors have been exploring the use of surgery to reduce or eliminate patients dependence on glasses and contacts Refractive, 1997. Thi s dream came true with the introduction of refractive surgical techniques for the correction of myopia and astigmatism. In refractive surgery, various micro-surgical procedures are used to re-shape the front surface of the cornea. Four main refractive eye procedures are clinically being studied radial keratectomy (RK), automated lamellar keratoplasty (ALK), photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), and optical maser in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK). These four common procedures in refractive eye surgery will be compared and contrasted while taking into account the limitations of comparison such as the patient and the extent of the correction needed. Function of the EyeThe human eye is a complex organ with a primary function of focusing decrepit on the retina to provide the sense of sight f... ...ctive and Corneal Surgery (Boston Little Brown and Company, 1996), pp. 10-120. Laser Eye Center, http//www.lasereyecenter.com/ (Madison University of Wisconsin, November 1997). McFadden, Murray, D r. Laser Eye Surgery, PRK, LASIK, http//www.prk.com/ (Madison University of Wisconsin, November 1997). Raeburn, Paul, Keep Your Eye on the Laser, Business Week (30 September 1996), p. 40. Refractive Surgery Frequently Asked Questions, http//www.isrs.org/library/faq (Madison University of Wisconsin, November 1997). Sanders, Donald, Radial Keratotomy (Thorofare SLACK Incorporated, 1984), pp. 1-16. Sulting, Dr., Laser In-situ Keratomileusis (LASIK), http//www.emory.org/vision_correction/ (Madison University of Wisconsin, November 1997). Understanding Laser Vision Correction, booklet (USA The Laser Center Inc., 1997), pp. 7-43.

No United States without Mexico :: essays research papers

No U.S. without MexicansAs a Mexican American in the United States I can honestly ordinate that Spanish colonialism plays a crucial role in understanding the history of Mexicans in the United States. Spanish colonialism brought forth many factors that shaped the Mexican. One huge factor is religion. The Spanish brought a unified form of religion, we know it as Christianity. Secondly, with its priority of converting the indigenous flock to Christianity, they migrated and created pueblos in what is now part of South Western United States. With its expansion and creation of Haciendas and Ranchos, the Spanish created a new style of culture, which is important in the organisation of the Mexican in the United States. One of the most influential aspects of the Mexican in the United States is his religious beliefs. If not for the Spanish and their devotion to convert great deal to Christianity, life would be differently for the average Mexican. Spiritually, the Mexican looks to god for guidance and support. Growing up in a Mexican household, I can say that religion played an enormous role in my life. As a family, we would attend church every Sunday. I also attended catechism through the gradation of my childhood, which shaped me into the individual that I am today. With its expansion of Christianity, the Spanish Colonialism created Haciendas, Ranchos and pueblos in the Southwestern United States. With these Haciendas and ranchos the Spanish brought a unique form of architecture. This Spanish ardour architecture as it is now known is evident throughout the southwestern United States today. Large portions of Chicanos live in homes that are influenced by the expansion of Spanish colonialism. Spanish style architecture, with its enormous archways and brick courtly construction is one of the most elaborate and popular forms of architecture found today. Within these haciendas lies a cattle cultured economy which is extremely important now in the United States. The Sp anish brought horses, cows, goats, and sheep to the United States. Cattle play a role on just to the highest degree every person in the United States, for the United States thrives as a meat eating country. With the creation of haciendas a new style of culture would be created from these flourishing communities.Mexican culture is extremely important in the lives of a Mexican. Religion, food, folklore as well as community contribute to the culture of a Mexican. The Spanish culture is well and alive throughout the United States.