All Quiet on the Western Front :: All Quiet on the Western Front Essays

All Quiet on the Western Front         Millions dead, tens of millions injured, for what?  For a petty arguwork forcet between two countries.  War is devastating to countries and most indefinitely individuals.   Men can be left disturbed mentally, physically, and socially for the rest of their lives.  Is this necessary?  Well maybe you should decide after reading the next some paragraphs.  You can decide if the war being fought is a war of dignity and glory as everyone would make it out to be or if it was a date of death and gore.  You maybe surprised at what happens to men out there.         Well it would be glorious to be wounded and or die for your country right wing?  Well maybe if you were the one seeing everything from the outside looking in.  If you were a soldier your outlook on war may be a minuscule different.  The physical ailments of the young men are terrible.  Some even consider it lucky if you die.  For example, Remarque made it very clear that he was aware of the pains men were forced to endure when he put capital of Minnesota and Albert Kropp in the hospital.  Paul was going on leave and asked Albert if there was anything that he could get for him and Kropp said, A gun. Paul showed his disapproval of this idea and Albert said something to the degree of I would rather die then live without a leg.  Another example was when Kat was wounded by the bomb that went off while he was delivering supplies to the men on the front.  Kat could not even walk.  Then while Paul was taking him back to the freshman Aid center the man said, Hes stone dead.  Paul was so oblivious to what was going on that he simply replied, No, hes just fainted.  When he looked at his founder and found a bullet wound in the back of Kats head he was so stunned that he could not even think or see straight.  In the real world people wo uld leave their homes cheerful young men and return tattered worn cripples.  Men would return with wanting appendages.  Some would return without legs.  Others would come home without sight or unable to breathe on their own.

The Use of Metaphors in Shooting an Elephant by George Orwell Essay

The Use of Metaphors in Shooting an Elephant by George Orwell In the sample ?Shooting an Elephant? by George Orwell, the author uses metaphors to represent his feelings on imperialism, the internal conflict between his personal morals, and his duty to his country. Orwell demonstrates his perspectives and feelings about imperialism.and its effects on his duty to the white man?s reputation. He seemingly blends his opinions and subjects into one, making the style of this essay generally very simple but also keeps it strong enough to merit numerous interpretations. Orwell expresses his conflicting views regarding imperialism throughout the essay by using deuce-ace examples of oppression and by deliberatly using his introspection on imperialism. In this story ,Orwell is taking part in imperialism by proving his power and dignity to the natives presenting imperialism metaphorically through the use of animals. He is using the elephant as a symbol of imperialism representing power as an untamed animal that has control over the village. He uses a braggy and very powerful animal to represent a significant metaphor for imperialism.. In doing so he leads to the understanding that the power behind imperialism is only as strong as its dominant rulers. Orwell?s moral values are challenged in many different ways, ironically enough while he alike was the oppressor. He is faced with a very important decision of whether or not he should shoot the elephant. If he does so, he will be a hero to his people. In turn, he would be giving in to the imperial force behind the elephant that he finds so unjust and evil. If he lets the elephant go bare and unharmed the natives will laugh at him and make him feel inferior for not being able to protect the... ... controlled by the Emporers and Queens, who in turn, never gather up part in the actual fighting as how the natives never took part in stab of the elephant. Orwell speaks of how he is so against imperialism, but give s in to the natives by shooting the elephant to prove he is strong and to avoid humiliation. He implies that he does not desire to be thought of as British, but he does not want to be thought the fool either. Orwell makes his decision to shoot the elephant appear to be reasonable but underneath it all he questions his actions just as he questions those of the British. He despised both the British Empire as well as the Burmese natives, making everything more complicated and complex. In his essy he shows us that the elephant represents imperialism therefore, the slow destruction of the elephant must represent the slow demise of British Imperialism.

The Federal Reserve Essay -- Economics

To understand the purpose and role of the Federal seize System, we must first know the introduction of the central bank of the United States. On December 23, 1913 President Woodrow Wilson signed The Federal Reserve Act. The primary purpose of the act was to make sure that a supply of money and creed would be available in the United States to meet banking demands by establishing Federal Reserve Banks which would hold the responsibility of supporting the credit structure during periods of financial strain. Other banks were expected to rely on the Federal Reserve for emergency cash and credit. Government and banking influence would select the management, primarily a board of directors chosen by banks. Supervision would be by the Federal Reserve progress. The intent in 1913 was to create eight to twelve centrally laid district Federal Reserve Banks and national banks would be required to keep a part of their reserve with the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve would receive deposits from the governing and receive deposits and lend to member banks only. It took almost a year to determine the boundaries of the decided twelve districts and establish the twelve Reserve Banks (one of the four components of the Federal Reserve). Named after the city in which they are located, the twelve Banks are Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Richmond, Atlanta, Chicago, St. Louis, Minneapolis, Kansas City, Dallas, and San Francisco. The Federal Reserve plays a significant role in maintaining the st index and liquidity (the ability to turn an asset into cash) of the financial system by working towards low and stable inflation and also strive to encourage growth in production and employment . A second component, the Federal Reserve Board... ...y 10). Retrieved May 23, 2012, from Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System http//www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/press/other/20110110a.htmPress Release. (2012, January 11). Retrieved May 23, 2012, from Boa rd of Governors of the Federal Reserve System http//www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/press/other/20120110a.htm(1914). The Federal Reserve Act of 1913. In O. Sprague, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 28 No. 2 (pp. 213-254). Oxford University Press.The budgetary Impact and Subsidy Costs of the Federal Reserves Actions During the Financial Crisis. (n.d.). Retrieved May 21, 2012, from CBO http//www.cbo.gov/publication/21491Who are the members of the Federal Reserve Board, and how are they selected? (n.d.). Retrieved May 21, 2012, from Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System http//www.federalreserve.gov/faqs/about_12591.htm

Appearance vs. Reality in Peter Shaffers Amadeus Essay -- Peter Shaff

Appearance vs. Reality in Peter Shaffers Amadeus In the piece of the 18th century, appearance was everything andappearance often conflicted with reality. Such is the case in PeterShaffers, Amadeus, which follows Wolfgang Amadeus Mozarts musicalcargoner. Mozarts career was enveloped in deceit and falsity, coming into court tobe brought on by poor choices he made, when all along he was beingsabotaged by Salieri. When Mozart arrives in Vienna, Antonio Salieri pretends towelcome him. He even writes a welcome March for Mozart, to be playedas the young, rebellious musician enters the court. However, Salierihates Mozart from the beginning. Salieri is subtle to Mozarts face, andpretends to support his career to all other parties concerned. Salieri is, in fact, nice to everyones face. As several officials areconversing, Salieri comments to the audience on their personality. Johann von Strack. Royal Chamberlain. A court official to his collarbone, Baron van Swieten. Prefect of the Imperial Library. keenFreemason. Yet to find anything funny... (Amadeus, 11) Saliericontinues to interject throughout the mens conversation until he isincluded. Salieri is jealous of Mozarts musical ability. While it appears toeveryone the Salieri is the most talented musician in Vienna, he, himself,knows that Mozarts music is much deeper than his own. Salieri ventshis jealousy when he states, We were both ordinary men, he and I. Yethe from the ordinary created legends-and I from legends greeted only theordinary (Amadeus, 63). Mozart and his wife, Constanza, are starving. They are living inextreme poverty. All of this is because of Antonio Salieri. whose plan isrevealed to the audience in his conversation with Emperor Joseph. Hesays, Then grant him Glucks post, Majesty, but not his salary. Thatwould be wrong (Amadeus, 64). He then turns around to Mozart who isangry about the payment he is receiving and says, Im sorry its madeyou angry. Id not have suggested it if Id k nown youd be distressed....Iregret I was not able to do more (Amadeus, 65). Salieri pretends that hegot Mozart as much money as he could, when in reality, he kept himfrom a great deal more. The real showing of Salieris truthful colors comes out in the last fewscenes of the play. After the death of Mozarts father... .... Hate is a poison you cannot withstand. (Amadeus, 81). Salieri got his wish for fame in the end. He reflects on this, I wasto become quite simply the most famous musician in Europe...This wasmy sentence I must endure thirty old age of being called distinguishedby people incapable of distinguishing...I must smell as I wrote it thedeadness of my music... (Amadeus, 85). While he had what he hadalways wanted, and he appeared to be on top of the world, realityremained. He was not happy. He did not have to gift he had longwanted. And though the public praised and shouted to him, he knewexactly what it was worth. While Mozarts life appears to be a series o f mistakes, and poorchoices he has made, the truth is, he was sabotaged. His life was a back up for Antonio Salieri to act out his jealousies and insecurities. ButSalieri, in the end, is more unhappy with his life without Mozart, than hewas when Mozart was alive. Works CitedAmadeus. Shaffer, Peter. Samuel French, Inc. New York. 1980.http//www.albemarle-london.com/amadeus.html. Accessed, March 15, 2001http//www.imagi-nation.com/moonstruck/clsc69.html. Accessed, March 17, 2001

Free Essays: The Prologues of Oedipus Rex and Everyman :: comparison compare contrast essays

The Prologues of Oedipus Rex and Everyman   Two Works Cited    A prologue is a miniature strain of the actual text. It answers the elements of literature in a work, and exposes the reader to essential facts, as well as foreshadows the outcome of the work. The prologue also introduces themes, characters, and literary devices to complement the work. Thus, through the mull over of the prologues of Oedipus Rex and Everyman, adept may learn much about the nature of both plays. In the prologue of Oedipus, the rise pun is utilise. The bear pun is a popular literary device used in many plays. To bear means to carry a babe To bear can also mean to carry something heavy. The pun indicates that if one cannot bear the truth (which is a very heavy object placed on the heart) than one cannot bear new life. In order to be reborn one must suffer the bearing of truth. When Oedipus says, I, Oedipus, who bear the famous name. (Sophocles, 715), he indicates that he is bearing the name and therefore must bear the fate that is set for him in order to conceive new life. In order for Oedipus to fully bear his name he must accept the responsibilities that follow He must making water from the ways of the flesh. Until this time comes, the divinity fudges must bear Oedipuss pain until he is ready to accept it. Likewise, Everyman cannot reach enlightenment (to be free of guilt) because he cannot bear the truth. God explains why Everyman cannot be enlightened as he says, They use the seven deadly sins damnable, / As pride, covetise, wrath, and lechery . . . (Everyman, 761). This proves that Everyman is too much of the flesh, and he uses the ways of the flesh to solemnize him bound to the earth. Thus, when God says, I see the more that I them forbear (Everyman, 761), God is bearing Everymans truth until he is ready, when Everyman is no longer of the flesh. A study theme consistent in both works is that of suffering. In Oedipus Rex, the kingdom of Thebes is suff ering because of Oedipuss sin. The suffering of Thebes is illustrated when the Priest said The herds are sick children die unborn, And promote is vain. The god of plague and pyre Raids like detestable lightning through the city, And all the house of Kadmos is laid waste,

Free Essays: The Prologues of Oedipus Rex and Everyman :: comparison compare contrast essays

The Prologues of Oedipus Rex and Everyman   Two Works Cited    A prologue is a miniature version of the actual text. It answers the elements of literature in a work, and exposes the reader to essential facts, as well as foreshadows the outcome of the work. The prologue also introduces themes, characters, and literary devices to complement the work. Thus, through the study of the prologues of Oedipus Rex and Everyman, one may learn much about the nature of both plays. In the prologue of Oedipus, the die hard pun is used. The bear pun is a popular literary device used in many plays. To bear means to carry a baby To bear can also mean to carry something heavy. The pun indicates that if one cannot bear the truth (which is a very heavy object placed on the heart) than one cannot bear new life. In order to be reborn one must suffer the bearing of truth. When Oedipus says, I, Oedipus, who bear the famous name. (Sophocles, 715), he indicates that he is bearing the name and therefore must bear the fate that is set for him in order to conceive new life. In order for Oedipus to fully bear his name he must accept the responsibilities that follow He must escape from the ways of the flesh. Until this time comes, the Gods must bear Oedipuss pain until he is get to to accept it. Likewise, Everyman cannot reach enlightenment (to be free of guilt) because he cannot bear the truth. God explains why Everyman cannot be enlightened as he says, They use the sevensome deadly sins damnable, / As pride, covetise, wrath, and lechery . . . (Everyman, 761). This proves that Everyman is too much of the flesh, and he uses the ways of the flesh to keep him bound to the earth. Thus, when God says, I see the more that I them keep back (Everyman, 761), God is bearing Everymans truth until he is ready, when Everyman is no longer of the flesh. A major theme consistent in both works is that of suffering. In Oedipus Rex, the terra firma of Thebes is suffering because of Oe dipuss sin. The suffering of Thebes is illustrated when the Priest said The herds are sick children die unborn, And labour is vain. The god of plague and pyre Raids like detestable lightning through the city, And solely the house of Kadmos is laid waste,

Academy Awards Ceremony

At the very first Academy Awards ceremony in 1929, the writing awards were already split into two categories dress hat Writing, Original Story and Best Writing, Adaptation. (For the record, that first year saw the only presentation of an Oscar for Best Title Writing, an art that had become obsolete by the quest year.)Over the next few decades, the delineation of the screenplay awards morphed a bit.For a while, three awards were presented Best Original Screenplay, Best Original Story, and Best Story and Screenplay- confusing categorizations that intercommunicate to the tortured distinctions made by the Writers Guild when determining authorship. But for the last half century, the sensible division between an original screenplay and a screenplay based on a pre quick work has held.Writers and their auditory modalitys see a difference between the art of creating characters, situations and dialogue out of whole cloth and the art of turning an existing work into a pic script with all t he requisite transformations that such a translation entails.This is not to say that the distinction between an original and qualified work is always clear. In 2000, Joel and Ethan Coen s O Brother, Where Art Thou? was nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay thanks to a credit on the film that cheekily stated it was based on Homers Odyssey.Eyebrows rose all over Hollywood O Brother had about as much to do with the Odyssey as did The Wizard of Oz or really any story about someone lost who wants to go home.The Coens were perhaps prompt- ing the age-old debate as to whether any artwork, curiously a narratively driven artwork, is ever truly original. In a broad sense, every storyteller obviously builds on the stories that came before him or her and relies on pre-programmed audience expectations.Harold Blooms Anxiety of Influence addresses this topic with great insight, and an entire academic discipline, the study of Intertextuality, analyzes this phenomenon.The Oscar nominees for Best O riginal Screenplay this year American Hustle, Blue Jasmine, Dallas Buyers Club, Her, and Nebraska all utilise existing genre tropes, standard (or subverted) plot devices, patterns of dialogue derived from previous works, and so forth. Blue Jasmine is quite consciously based on Tennessee Williams A Streetcar Named Desire, with nearly every character and situation a direct outgrowth of the earlier work.The dialogue is new, but its debatable as to whether the work is Original in the strictest sense. for certain it is much more of an adaptation than O Brother, Where Art Thou? Conversely, one of the nominees for Best Adapted Screenplay this year is

Primary Sources of Boston Massacre

The capital of Massachusetts kill- litigate, 5, 1770 Part iodin Document Author Date Purpose Biases The jural Papers of washbowl Adams, No. 64, Rex v Wemms John Adams 1755-1784 To record what he heard and saw during the trial and how he defended for the British soldiers. Despite the fact that close to eyewitnesses testimonies denounced captain Thomas Pretson ordering his men to produce upon the citizens, he believed these people were biased and words arent 100% reliable. Anonymous account of the Boston Massacre March 5 1770 Unknown Unknown To briefly explain what caused the people to rise up against the soldiers and how reluctant the citizens were. He did non feel that the patriots were any faulty of the soldiers fire. He felt unfairly treated and thought the soldiers pushed way too far by abusing the locals with their power. The Account of The Boston Massacre The Boston Gazette and nation Journal March 12, 1770 Reporting what happened on the day of kill on the discus sionpaper for locals to read. The article described the scenario as a massacre due to the irritability of some upset British legions who felt macrocosm insulted. It obviously accused Captain Preston. The Bloody Massacre (Photo) Paul Revere 1770 His painting portrayed what happened on the day of March 5th 1770. He exaggerated the scenario by painting the soldiers in cruelty that aimed into the straightforward helpless unarmed white men. faithfulness is, the main victims in the massacre were black and they were throwing snowb tout ensembles at the soldiers. He wanted to make it look as angry as it could be to make the audience think it as a deliberate murder. Captain Thomas Prestons Account of the Boston Massacre Captain Thomas Preston October 24, 1770 To explain or so what he perceived on March 5th and to swear he never intended for anyone to encounter hurt nor did he order the multitude to fire. He believed the township were all mad and tried to bring up a riot to pre vent themselves from being punished for insulting the force. Although he did think the loss was a terrible thing the promenades done, he thought it could have been necessary in order to guard the Kings vessel efficiently. The Deposition of Theodore bliss Theodore Bliss Unknown To be a witness defending Captain Preston, affirming that he did not order the men to fire. He was at the sight because of the fire alarm. What he described as may have heard or seen may not be of words in favor of any office but he could have been so busy analyzing the situation or looking for the possible fire that struck the alarm and missed out when Captain Preston gave orders. He could have been too nervous to remember e genuinelything that happened that day. Part 2 Its a well-known event.Everyone knows why it happened, who were involved, and where and when it happened, but does everyone know how it happened? The truth has drop to the deepest point in the sea and perchs as a mystery in history o f the United States of America. What really caused the townspeoples temper to blow a fuse that lead to the Boston Massacre? Different people from different aspects varied in their description of the event. An anonymous victim of the Boston Massacre wrote about what bitter environment the citizens were living in prior the event and what happened that day.Typical high school history textbook mentions the high tax rate of all the products during the late 1700s, which has been explained as the reason why the citizens rise against the British government. However, although he did write about how the Stamp Act upset them and about the violation of Magna-Carta for the Commission to send troops over, something happened during one day of March that really boosted their anger level. He talked about a boxing match that the soldiers commanded the workers of Mr. seniles ropewalk to participate in. One soldier was defeated by Mr.Grays worker and went back up to recruit his army friends to come back and c abidanceenge. He also included Samuel Drownes deposition of him and some neighbors being abused by the British troops in the evening that seem to be an act of revenge for the embarrassment of the match premature on before the massacre. This article has tons of information about what happened that day. It is a very useful source because his words and feelings were common with his neighbors who were angry at the troops too. Through his voice, one can hear the cries and complaints of the townspeople of Boston.However, this is only one side of the story and putting all the faults on the British troops for firing doesnt seem very convincing. Captain Thomas Preston, the commander of the soldiers who fired their muskets at the townspeople, talked about the different side of the story. He was aware that the residents and the soldiers didnt get along but he said he never thought of using violence to solve the conflict. He declared that when his troops walked by Grays ropewalk o n March 2nd, the rope-makers made fun of the soldiers and insulted them. after(prenominal) a moment of verbal fight (argument), they went into a nonverbal fight (action).Although the soldiers went back to their units afterwards, he said the inhabitants become arrogant and have been continuously abusing the soldiers. He explains that he was informed that the townspeople were up in front of the city hall beating up the troops. He went up trying to pacify the crowd but didnt succeed. He said he kept shouting to the troops to hold their fire and had never intended to hurt anyone and he did not want to take account for what may happen. Its convincing that he was naive about the fight on the 2nd and did not want to fire because then hell just lose his job.However, his words arent accurate as well. Its understandable how the townspeople thought of the troops as undesirable, but its big(a) to believe they had the power to abuse the armed soldiers. Preston is a commander, a soldier in a h igher division it is possible that he has not been reported with all the true words. No lower division force play would tell his boss that hes been abusing his powers. The troops beating the residents sounded more likely, the other way around seem very absurd. If he did command the fire, it wouldve been the near unwise decision in that situation.It is clear that he did have the chance to run away from being guilty of the command but he submitted himself. Whether he did or not call it, the massacre still took place. It was very hard to be a soldier of British crown while being the towns guard. To treasure the crown and his property were the soldiers duties and residents are a part of that duty. It was hard to decide whether to protect the city hall that the inhabitants were threatening or harm to prevent them from destroying it. After all, theyre both the Kings property.He described the awful words and threats the residents were speaking and how hard it was for him to ignore them a nd try to prevent from getting hit by the snowballs flying around, thrown by the citizens. He swore that he never commanded his men to fire. This could be true, but like I mentioned, the death under musketry still happened. The massacre could have started due to the soldiers misconception of the command. This brought up some reconsideration upon Paul Reveres painting The Bloody Massacre, where the violent British soldiers blew tons of musket balls at the intensity less citizens.The inhabitants were throwing snowballs at the troops and were clearly standing up for what they thought is right, not being beaten up like a bunch of farmed chickens. The troops did stop after a short while, possibly because of receiving the command of stop firing from Captain Preston. Bringing in a voice that sounded like a good-hearted soldier into the history textbook, like Captain Preston, would be nice because it can alter the stereotype of the fierce British soldiers, which heartlessly killed the town speople, in a good way. The Boston Gazette and Journal about the massacre is another primary source of what happened on the event.Its version of the story is more convincing to many a(prenominal) people because its a newspaper article, a piece of work thats been viewed, edited, and published. However, like media nowadays, its purpose isnt just to report the local news to people but to drag their attention into reading the article. Before talking about whats happened that night, it gave a short disclaimer, Our readers will doubtless expect a circumstantial account of the tragical affair on Monday night last but we hope they will excuse our being so particular as we should have been, had we not seen that the town was intending an enquiry and full representation thereof. This little paragraph, apart from the introduction and the story of the event, dragged everyones attention, including me. Its like saying that they wrote about whatever happened as is with no masking and no biases. It is not so. It said on Monday evening, before the massacre took place, the troops were on the streets abusing the inhabitants. One new-made man, John Hicks, came up against that mean soldier and knocked him down. The soldiers went back and brought back about 12 men and said a witness named Samuel Atwood claimed the soldier answered him that they were about to murder someone.The troop caught one young man and beaten him up, the lad fought back and ran towards Cornhill. The article mentions Captain Preston and his men pushing his way to the commissioners office with charged muskets. consequently someone started throwing snowballs at the captain and he commanded to fire the bayonets. Neither the anonymous nor Preston himself claimed that he fired towards the townspeople. This article although described the event in detail does not seem very relevant. I am not sure why the 12 men beating the oung guy was not mentioned in either Prestons account or the anonymous mans, but it is likely that something similar to that may have happened. This newspaper article was published and surely was in bulky number of peoples hands. Its purpose was to gather peoples concern and aesthesis of humanity towards the massacre. It wants people to feel hurt and abused and sense the evil of the power the government has in hand. No one knows for sure whether Captain Preston gave the command because there were testimonies both for and against him.However, this article was straightforwardly accusing him of being insolent and ignorant. Thats the image the paper wants people to have in mind. Like Revere, it wants people to picture the brutal governments units beating innocent citizens up. Although having its agenda parallel to Reveres, it did prove something that was deliberately painted otherwise in The Bloody Massacre. Crispus Attucks, who was shot dead at the scene of the massacre, was a young black man, but his portrait in the painting was a white patriot.It was probably because white men being injured seemed rather crueler than black workers being slain. Both the newspaper editor and Revere knew that the more severe something is, the more attention it attracts. Untruthful as it may sound, its still a very useful resource overall. Because it made the situation sound so critical, people united and brought up the idea of the American Revolution. Though different primary documents during that quantify period had slightly different stories about the Boston Massacre, they all pointed to one doubtless fact it is one of the great events that drawn to the American Revolution.It really is hard to tell which altered the story with their own words, who told the truth, or did all of them tell the truth due to their perception, they were all witnesses of the event and their words are very valuable. They all contributed to the American History. They all provided a reason for people to come together and think about their future and to decide whether they should do something to escape from that hopeless future.Its nearly impossible to dig out the truth since there was no surveillance available at the time so let it be and remain an endless discussable topic for people who are interested in wondering what really was going on during the period of the Boston Massacre. Part 3 bat Cited Adams, John. Summation of John Adams. University of Missouri-Kansas City. 1755-1784. 20 Feb. Web. 2013 Bliss, Theodore. Deposition of Theodore Bliss. Boston Massacre diachronic Society. Boston Massacre Historical Society. nd. Web. Feb. 21 2013 np. Anonymous account of the Boston Massacre March 5 1770.American History from Revolution to Reconstruction and Beyond. University of Groningen. nd. Web. 19 Feb. 2013 Preston, Thomas. Captain Thomas Prestons Account of the Boston Massacre. Boston Massacre Historical Society. Boston Massacre Historical Society. 24 Oct. 1770. Web. Feb. 21 2013 Revere, Paul. The Bloody Massacre. History Matters. Library of Congress. nd. Web. Feb. 20 2013 The Boston Gazette and County Journal. The Boston Massacre, 5 March 1770 the Boston newspaper account. The Public Schools of North Carolina. 12 March 1970. Web. 19 Feb. 2013

Encounters with peope of different cultures

Encounters with state of opposite cultures in their feature countries or communities 2 3 4 5 get by with the customs of phalanx countries or communities, e. g. rules and courtesies that local people observe and may expect me to observe. Encountering the different customs of people from otherwise cultures, e. g. dress, spec al occasions, etc. Adapting to the rhythm of life in other cultures, e. g. getting used to different meal times etc. Integrating with the customs or behaviour of host countries, e. g. eginning to use forms of greeting that is very different from my own. Encounters with different cultures in the host university Clarifying areas of uncertainty about university arrangements, e. g. describing what I am used to and asking what happens in the other culture. Adapting to other administrative and schoolman practices, e. g. using unfamiliar procedures to complete a work task. Coping with different formal ties, e. g. learning new slipway of armying respect to senio r colleagues from other cultures.Relating to fellow learners from other cultures, e. g. learning what they like to talk about during breaks. Being aware of issues to be avoided with a different cultural group, e. g. learning what opics receivem to be avoided and what the groups views are likely to be about a current political situation. Building bridges between colleagues ot my own culture and those ot a ditterent culture, e. g. sensing that someone of my culture has said the wrong affaire and explaining the misunderstanding to both sides.Section 3 A continuing record of intercultural encounters In this section you can record many kinds of intercultural experiences and encounters that you feel have helped you smash your intercultural skills. In each record, describe what happened and how this enabled you to advance your nowledge and understanding of or attitude to intercultural events ( interactions with people from other cultures, etc). Date 31109/2012 As soon I arrived at th e rented place, I found out that my flatmates were both Spanish and I feared that I would be unexpended apart due to my level of Spanish,.However, to my surprised they were both very welcoming and even try their best to understand my poor Spanish and were willing to show me around and give me very helpful tips in relation, to transportation, nightlife and food consumption. Place Pozuelo de Alarcon The suggestions made by flatmates were quite helpful, on the next day I went to rder my student travel card wish made really easier to travel around Madrid. Their travel system is very similar London travel system which truly work base on the zones you have to move around. However, the store was closed from 12 to 14 0clock as well as every store around.Such thing was very strange to me and as my flatmates explained it is common thing in Spain for stores to be close at such time due to their weather conditions is too sultry work there for thy take a break. It is at that point were a have notice that weather conditions have a huge effect on Spain Culture. Place Groningen University The team work experience with the guys, gave me the opportunity to improve my communication skills, because we could express ones need, wants and opinion without offending the sensitiveness of the other guys.In addition, I believe I strengthen my Teambuilding skills, as I was the person who motivated the others. The members recognised that, and I was the point of communication between the others. From this experience I realised how much I would like to work for the Human Resources, as I believe to be able to maintain group cooperation and support, and to keep a group updated how it is moving earlier to the achievement of the goals. Date 31/10/2012 On 31/10/12 1 had a founding to be done together with 3 more students. It was me, a Spanish girl, a Romanian guy, and a Dutch guy.The Dutch guy most of the times we had meeting was quite rude with the other guys. He wanted the work to be done, and he was actually the first not to do it. The day of the presentation, I had a small argument with him. The presentation went well, we scored 7. 2. This guy, during the conversation with our coach said that he was the best and that the other guys, us, did not have the competencies to do the presentation. Place At first, I got really upset and offended, as he should not dear to say these bad things to his team member.Secondly, I believe he should have told us in a private conversation, as all of us were really embarrassed, and we all thought that what he was saying was not actually true. Finally, I spoke with him and he apologised about what happened with the guys and l. I confide he understood that he should not criticise others, when he is the first person who makes mistakes. Date 03/11/2012 In these days I was reflecting how the Dutch academic semester works so differently trom the English semester. Here, every semester is made trom two periods.In each period there are at leas t three modules to study, because exams, reports, group works and presentations to do. At my university, we only have four modules for semester, whilst here there are at least six for each semester. I could see how I improved time management planning and organizational skills. Place Groningen My skills improved because the amount of work to do was higher than my expectations. In fact, I had to develop goals for my personal achievements, and identify tasks to be accomplished. In addition, I learnt how prioritise tasks and take esponsibilities for the decisions I made.Based on the above please prepare a SWOT abstract of the stage that you believe are at in terms of cross cultural competence (i. e. strengths and weaknesses) and where you would like to get to by January. What are the opportunities for enhancing your competence and what are the threats which may thwart your endeavours if left untackled? Studying the first semester of the second year in ESIC located in Madrid, Spain ena bles me to break down barriers as well as communicate and interact with people from different cultures in ways beyond no lecture room or university hall can.

Planning for Research Essay

Define pull through research.Action research in education, is a firing-line or on job type of problem-solving or research used by disciplineers, supervisors, and administrators to improve the quality of their decisions and actions. It seeks more dependable and appropriate means of promoting and evaluating student growth in line with specific and command objectives and attempts to improve educational trusts without reference to whether findings would be applicable beyond the group studied (Good, 1993).Explain its think outcomesThe intended outcome of action research is to improve the lives of children through education and for teacher researcher to learn more about the craft of teaching. All action researchers are committed to looking critically at what we do in our classrooms and the effects our actions have on the children in our care. Hence, the main intended outcome of action research is for educational change that enhances the lives of children.Another intended outcome is t o enhance the lives of professionals. It is largely about developing the professional disposition of teachers, that is, encouraging teachers to be continuous learnersin their classrooms and in their practice. This intended outcome of action research for teachers to be professional problem solvers who are committed to improving both their own practice and student outcomes provides a powerful reason to practice action research (Osterman and Kottkamp, 1993).Give examples of action research projects that researchers in your organization or field of study might engage in.Investigate the effectiveness of on-line(prenominal) math curriculum on students process skills and attitudes.Investigate the impact of an intervention and to monitor if it makes a difference and learn more about how best to teach math to children and to implement some of cooperative learning strategies.Monitor the impact of a new mathematics problem-solving curriculum on student performance on open-ended problem-solvin g questions and students attitudes toward mathematics in general.Investigate the perceptions of colleagues, children, and parents toward absenteeism to more fully understand why the existing policy is not having the desired outcome.ReferencesHammersley, M. (1993). On the teacher as researcher. Educational Action Research, 1(3), 425441.Kottkamp, C. (1993). The effects of action research on a teacher education community. Paper presented at the American Educational Research connective Conference,New York, NY.

Causes of obesity Essay

Alderman describes the difficulty with great success that gets the readers attention. She introduces the problem by explaining universal causes of obesity, which are addressed in Michelle Obamas campaign recently. Referring to the nations first lady to address her issue, Alderman intensifies the problem so the reader can hold back it better. She then quotes the Center for Disease Control and Prevention statistic that one of three children in this country is overweight or obese. The author also uses statistics and facts to dramatize the problem making the reader actually feel the problem, thus appealing to their pathos. She evokes a moxie of anxiousness for the parents because they may feel surprised and worried if their children have the akin problem with obesity. To inspire such pathos and to further convince the reader that the problem must be solved, she applies logos. She explains that if action is not taken, many kids are at risk for Type 2 diabetes and heart disease.In add ition, by referring to Michelle Obama and giving credit to a study and relevant sources, she also establishes her ethos. By creating pathos, logos, and ethos while describing the problem, Alderman is precise effective in giving the problem presence. Alderman is also very successful in describing her solution she does a terrific job of enhancing the power of her proposal through and through striking visual texts. Each element in her solution is emphasized with capitalized, bold headings such as FACE THE FACTS. Within these categories are her recommendations to all parents. She speaks directly to them and her goal is to inform them of new information about what they can do to keep their family healthy and avoid childhood obesity. Using the visual technique, Alderman creates a sense of trustworthiness, which appeals to her audience to do what is recommended.

21st Century Racism in Canada Essay

Racism in Canada is one of the least publicised problems modern Canadian society has faced in the Twenty prototypal Century. With the mass of the Canadian and populace public holding the census that Canada through its lax immigration policies and political reform, is far from a racist state. This belief is a falsehood that has either been achieved through white lies from history textbooks or a lack of endeavor to uncover the real racial issues that permeate through break Canada. Canada has been and is a racist nation that continues to not face the f performance that racial discrimination is alive and well in Twenty First Century Canada.Racism towards slaves approach shot to Canada in search of solace from the racist United States was not an uncommon occurrence in the mid 1800s before the American civil war. Halifax was the refine ment stop on the Underground Railroad, although what African Americans were coming to was a whole different story. The popular depiction is of slave s that were granted freedom and loved and welcomed into society, as bear witness by this television advertisement. (YouTube) The truth was a lot harsher. In Halifax the majority of freed dumb slaves resided in Africville, the atrocities of which be not widely known but are still keenly documented. In order to turn Africville from poor pitch-dark slum to profitable industrial tear, the city of Halifax erected a hospital for diseased WWII veterans nearby along with leaving massive mounds of toxic garbage to be incinerated in the same vicinity. (Taylin) Africville is not mentioned in Canadian history books nor do most bulk across Canada know of its knowence. It was nothing short of genocide of people that Halifax felt did not deserve the rights any early(a)(a) Canadian citizen would take for granted. Racism towards black immigrants and natural-born Canadians was not and is not limited to Africville or even Nova Scotia for that matter. Don Oliver a Canadian senator pointed out how most Canadians do not know about considerable black Canadians.Portia White was a classical musician that was known the world over, and Elijah McCoysinvention of modern lubrication for industrial purposes were so famous that it is thought the suck phrase The real McCoy could have been named after him. (Oliver) History books as well as the public because of overt racism tend not to celebrate the successes of black Canadians. Although there are very notable exceptions especially in music such as popular rapper Drake and R&B singer The Weeknd, by and large only in sports and music are the successes of black Canadians prevalent in mainstream media. There have been numerous studies done to show the effect having one-sided skin has on every day life in Canada. Carlos Teixeira found that black Portuguese Immigrants faced significant disadvantages in housing in likeness to people who were not of color. The Study showed that in the letting market of Toronto, people of color could exp ect to pay on average 30% higher rental rates versus white counterparts of similar Portuguese descent.He further concluded that people of Asian descent also were subjected to the same treatment. (Teixeira) A further battleground where over 6,000 mock resumes were sent out showed that applicants that had Chinese, Pakistani or Indian sounding names got 40% less call backs than those with English sounding names. Although it should be seen that this study was conducted in Toronto and a different result perhaps not as favorable towards English sounding names could have been found in Quebec or other parts of Canada. The key point is if racism exists in Canadas most multicultural city, how widespread and to what severity is racism in the quell of Canada. (Oreopolous, Dechief) The Canadian armed forces are tell world wide as one of the top armed forces, and are known to pay the second highest requital behind only the Australian army. However the racism that Mr. Fowler and Mr. Coward exp erienced while serving was clearly targeted towards their color. (CBC NEWS) It is impossible to fathom the low level of respect garnered for these men who put their lives on the line every day to defend a country that does not give them the respect they deserve simply because of their color. It should be noted that their case is still in the process of being investigated so any judgment as to whether they were subjected to racism cannot be confirmed. A study into Canadas juridic system showed alarming results that independent juries are more than likely to find black defendants guilty approximately 40% of the time more frequently than defendants of other races.This is worrying as it could have significant ramifications for Canadians of African descent residing inCanada. (Pfeifer, J. E. , Ogloff, J. R. P.) This combined with recent findings in 2011 that black prison populations have risen by 52% since 2000, means that this issue has gone unresolved. Points should further be raised t hat the majority of the black prisoners are young and are spending their formative days in prison. This could have a knock on effect where they find it hard to integrate properly into society and influence more friends and such and could land themselves back behind bars. This could lead to many defendants getting caught in a cycle of criminality. (Crawford) The facts show that with the current education, welfare and societal norms in place, more and more black youth are behind bars than before and it is thought they lead only end up back behind bars. The racism of minorities is plausibly most controversial when analyzed in the context of the ancient peoples of Canada. This is because they were originally not a minority but rather a majority as Canada is technically their land.The aboriginal people have been subjected to racism since the very beginning and the facts show it. Aboriginal life expectancy is lower they have fewer high school graduates, higher unemployment, almost twi ce as many infant deaths and spend more time in jail. They have lower incomes, enrapture fewer promotions in the workplace and remain, as a group, the poorest in Canada. (Hutchings) The Indian Act was used to create Indian Agents which acted as sort of police for the aboriginal peoples but in truth denied them basic rights, such as the right to sit on juries, vote or permission was needed to do routine tasks such as wearing traditional garments off the reserves. It was policies like these that truly segregated the aboriginal people from the mainstream consciousness and must have caused a chasm of sorts to exist between aboriginals and non-aboriginals.To combat this chasm between aboriginals and non-aboriginals Duncan Campbell Scott and the department of Indian affairs came up with the policy of corroboration. At first voluntary but later forced enfranchisement was used to basically strip Aboriginals of their Indian status. Getting university degrees, becoming doctors or ministers meant enfranchisement. In short it was trying to send the message that once Aboriginals became civilized and held positions of originator and respect within the community they should no longer be looked at as Indian. Furthermore in a sexist as well asa racist policy any Indian woman who married a non-Indian man would lose her status as an Indian as would her children.Duncan Campbell Scott went on later to state Our object is to continue until there is not a single Indian in Canada that has not been confined into the body politic, and there is no Indian question and no Indian Department. (Hutchings) It was clear from that quote alone that the Canadian governments views on Aboriginals at that time was that they should not exist and should be absorbed into the community. Canada would later give up the goal of enfranchising Aboriginal peoples after the Lovelace case that was brought before the International Court of Human Rights led to the United Nations condemning Canada for its ho mophobic policies. It would be 1985 when Canada would pass bill C-31 to remove the discriminatory parts of the Indian Act.The Indian Act also gave the Canadian government the power to erect residential schools. Schools where pupils were malnourished, had to work to make up for inadequate funding and were taught dumbed-down subject material so that To this end the curriculum in residential schools has been simplified and the practical development given is such as may be immediately of use to the pupil when he returns to the reserve after leaving school. (Hutchings) This led to segregation of Indians and non-Indians from a very young age. The worst part about residential schools however was the physical and sexual abuse that went underway up until the 1970s when schools started closing. Childrens tongues would be nailed down for speaking native languages, as well as having semi regular checks of genitalia. The abuse was so widespread and gruesome that the Canadian government plight over three hundred and fifty million dollars to help the Aboriginal peoples that attended the residential schools.The Canadian government continues to however maintain the Indian Act, which by sheer existence is a blatant act of racism. The act itself means that Aboriginal peoples are treated in a different way than other Canadian citizens, there is no other first world country in the world that has policies that differentiate people based solely on the race.Canada is oft seen as very welcoming towards the Asian peoples with arecent study by the Canadian Immigration showing that by 2031 it is predicted that white people will be in the minority in cities of Toronto and Vancouver. (Young) This however was not always the case with the infamous Chinese head revenue that was invoked on Chinese immigrants. The tax rose from fifty dollars to five hundred dollars during the period of 1900 to 1903. This is inexcusable and blatantly targeted those not just of Chinese descent but rather Orie ntals in general. (Greengrass) The racism towards the Chinese reached a high on July 1, 1923 when the Chinese Immigration Act was invoked. It is more commonly known to Chinese Canadians as Humiliation Day. The act meant that only selected classes of Chinese immigrants would be granted entry into Canada, namely Diplomats, students, children of Canadians and Investors. Canada was now openly using racist policies to pick and choose which class of a trusted race of people they wanted to enter their country. Only in may of 1939, was the Chinese Immigration Act receded. In general South East Asians were subjected to not being granted entry in Canada simply because of their race.Between 1914 and 1920, only a single Indian was admitted into Canada because of the racist immigration policies in place. The discrimination against Indians came to a head when The Komagatu-Maru passenger vessel was denied entry into Vancouver even though there were three hundred and seventy six Indians on venir e having sailed all the way from China. (Greengrass) It is quite possible that the worst treatment towards Orientals was in fact towards the Japanese that called Canada home or were otherwise refugees. During the period of the second world war, in 1942 Japanese Canadians were forced to live in camps, the living conditions were only slightly better than the camps that the national socialists had built. (Greengrass) The Japanese people were subjected to a like fate as Jews would have felt in Nazi Germany, however there was no extermination or genocide on the scale of Nazi Germany. All in all, the biggest conclusion should come through a key exclusion. There is no racial prejudice that has been recorded towards that of White Aryan Canadians. Canada is a racist country and has clearly been one for some time.Although the Canadian government has apologized and tried to make amends the clear sentiment still permeates through the people. It is something I personally felt while residing in Ottawa. Whether Canada likes it or not, by the year 2031, whites will no longer be of the majority in the two biggest cities inCanada. This brings a certain comfort as change is coming and there seems to be no way to halt it. Those who remain and insist on palm racist views will be forced to change or may face racism on themselves. Although no two wrongs make a right, it is probably of no comfort to racist Canadians that history does repeat itself. I personally am of the belief that should Canada grow to appreciate what makes different cultures unique and create a fusion culture whereby different customs are integrated into Canadian customs, Canada as a whole will benefit.Works CitedCrawford, Alison. Prison Watchdog Probes ear in Number of Black Inmates. CBCnews. CBC/Radio Canada, 15 Dec. 2011. Web. 21 Apr. 2014. . Greengrass, John. A HISTORY OF RACISM IN CANADAS IMMIGRATION POLICY. Peoples Commission. Peoples Commission, 13 May 2010. Web. 21 Apr. 2014. . Hutchings, Claire. Canada s First Nations The Legacy of Institutional Racism. Canadas First Nations The Legacy of Institutional Racism. Tolerence, 04 Feb. 2012. Web. 29 Apr. 2014. . News, CBC. Systemic Racism in Canadian Forces demand Inquiry, Veterans Say Nova Scotia CBC News. CBCnews. CBC/Radio Canada, 13 Mar. 2014. Web. 21 Apr. 2014. . Oliver, Don. What It Means to Be Black in Canada. The Mark News. The Mark News, 14 July 2011. Web. 21 Apr. 2014. . Oreopoulos, Philip, and Diane Dechief. wherefore Do Some Employers Prefer to Interview Matthew, but Not Samir? New Evidence from Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. Metropolis British Columbia Centre of Excellence for Research OnWorking idea Series N/A 11-13.N/A (2011) 1-68. Http//mbc.metropolis.net/assets/uploads/files/wp/2011/WP11-13.pdf. Web. 21 Apr. 2014. A Part Of Our Heritage Underground Railroad. YouTube. YouTube, 09 May 2007. Web. 21 Apr. 2014. . Pfeifer, Jeffrey E., and James R. P. Ogloff. Ambiguity and Guilt Determinations A Modern Racism Perspect ive1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 21.21 (1991) 1713-725. Print. Tavlin, Noah. Africville Canadas Secret Racist History VICE Canada. VICE. VICE, 04 Feb. 2013. Web. 21 Apr. 2014. . Teixeira, Carlos. Journal of Housing and the construct Environment, Volume 23, Issue 4 Springer. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, Volume 23, Issue 4 Springer. Springer Science + Business Media B.V., 12 Sept. 2008. Web. 21 Apr. 2014. . Young, Ian. Chinese Numbers in Vancouver, Toronto to Double by2031. South China Morning Post. South China Morning Post, 06 Apr. 2013. Web. 29 Apr. 2014. .

Direct And Indirect Restorations Health And Social Care Essay

Today with the of all time spread outing scope of renewing stuffs the tooth doctor needs to be cognizant of how ache these recurrences be plausibly to last and the possible objects for harm. This lead maximize length of service of indemnification and prevent harm. The tooth doctor must in addition h older a experience of renewing stuffs advantages, disadvantages, indi fundamentts and contraindications. All this information will let the tooth doctor to choose the right renewing stuff for specific clinical state of affairss taking to long depot clinical endurance of Restorations.Long term endurance of direct and indirect Restorations is dependent on the Restoration non neglecting nonstarter occurs when a Restoration reaches a percentage point of debasement that preludes proper clinical public demo for either aesthetic or functional grounds of be eccentric of inability to forestall new sickness 1M any(prenominal) factors contribute to the mishap of a Restoration these include patient, operator and renewing stuff factors. In this literature reappraisal I will turn to the calamity of direct and indirect posterior Restorations out-of-pocket to material factors independent of patient and operator factors such as clinical accomplishment degree of operator, tooth place and cavities rate.PurposesWith respect to different stuffs for direct and indirect posterior Restorations I hope to-Out field failure pass judgment of direct and indirect butt end Restorations-Outline manners of failure of direct and indirect buttocks Restorations-Outline briefly some advantages, disadvantages, indi atomic number 50ts and contraindications of direct and indirect posterior Restorations.-Outline in some instances the factors that operators should see toreduce failure rates-Compare long term endurance of direct V indirect posterior Restoration failureDirect posterior RestorationsBoth amalgam and resin labyrinthians are indicated as direct category 1 and 2 posterior Re storationsDirect buttocks amalgamAmalgam is sensation of the just about normally used renewing stuffs worldwide in posterior direct Restoration today. Amalgam does nt bond to tooth building, contains quicksilver(prenominal) and is non aesthetic, but its low cost, straightforward managing process, rapid application and good path record of clinical public presentation in the past mean it continues to be the most convenient renewing stuff in posterior dentitions. In recent old ages at that place has been a diminution in its popularity due to public wellness concerns over its quicksilver content. trial of amalgams put forward be every bit gritty as 6 % at seven old ages. 1 Failure of amalgam is chiefly due to1. Secondary cavities2. Tooth live3. Gross amalgam severalise4. Fringy dislocationSecondary cavities has been found to be the most viridity cause for amalgam failure account statement for 66 % of all failures in amalgam Restorations at seven years.1 Operative technique is of immenseness in bar of substitute cavities as taint of the readying by blood and s correspond, slimy matrix technique and hapless condensation lead to hapless adaptation of Restoration to the pit wall and overhangs which predispose to secondary cavities this can do Restoration failure due to tooth break and fringy breakdown.2Tooth break can besides do amalgam failure. Amalgam does nt bond to tooth construction and therefore does nt reenforce the tooth, it is simply infinite filler and the tooth itself is weakened. It has been found that the bigger the Restoration including deepness and facial linguistic width the more than standardizedly the tooth is to fracture.3The ability of a tooth with an amalgam Restoration to defy break can be change magnitude by fixing the enamel borders at an angle greater or equal to 90 degrees.4 This is because the enamel rods in the occlusal country of enamel are approximately replicate to the long axis of the tooth.5 it should be noted that d efects like sub arise clefts formed during pit readying contribute signifi skyly to early Restoration failure.6 It has been found that increased cusp break rates are linked to higher(prenominal) figure of surfaces restored increased patient age.7Amalgam failure can besides originate as a consequence of gross amalgam break. This has been shown to account for about 33 % amalgam failures in one study.1 Amalgam has a low tensile force which predisposes it to fracture particularly in load bearing countries. 1 Operator can cut down the opportunity of failure by holding pit readyings of equal deepness ( 2mm ) and by making circular internal line angles.8Marginal dislocation of amalgam can take to failure. Incorrect cavo-surface angle can bring forth fringy surface dislocation and can take to secondary cavities doing failure. Marginal dislocation besides occurs as a consequence of hold up enlargement of amalgam but the add-on of Zn and big sums cooper to amalgam to increase mechanical bel ongingss has besides lead to a lessening in fringy break and longer service by the Restoration. 9 It should be noted that fringy dislocation of an amalgam is nt a unequivocal diagnosing of secondary cavities or failure of an amalgam. Surveies have shown that secondary cavities is scarcely present in about 58 % of amalgams with ditched margins.10Direct posterior Resin CompositesResin complexs are non presently the Restoration of break down for posterior dentitions because they are expensive, extremely technique sensitive, take more clip to topographic point and their clinical path record of clinical public presentation has nt been every bit good as amalgam in the yesteryear. This state of affairs is altering as the public becomes more concerned by aesthetics and the wellness hazards associated with the quicksilver in amalgam. Resin complex is besides deriving popularity in the profession as the adhering systems improve and as the thought of conserving tooth construction becomes mo re of import. Failure of rosin complexs can be every bit high as 14 % at 7 old ages in posterior teeth.1 take for granted the right type of composite was chosen e.g. intercrossed or conventional. Failure of complexs is chiefly due to1. Secondary cavities2. Gross rosin composite breakWith wear, tooth break and staining causing failure of a little per centum of rosin complexs.Secondary cavities has been found to be the most common cause of rosin composite failure accounting for 88 % of failures at seven years.1 However in an other survey secondary cavities was found to be 2nd to tooth break at 6 old ages after which it became the primary ground for failure between 6-17 years.11 The chief ground for this is due to polymerization shrink on scene of the rosin complex which can run 2.6 to 7.1 % 12 this can organize a fringy spread particularly in dentine where bonding is nt as strong which can take to an immersion bacterium ( microleakage ) which can do secondary cavities. The hazard fo r secondary cavities besides increases with time11 and with the size of the cavity.1 The operator can cut down polymerization shrinking and perchance secondary cavities by utilizing the incremental remedy technique.Gross rosin composite break is responsible for high per centum of rosin composite failures accounting for 12 % of failures at 7 years.1 Resin complex is a brickle stuff and hence tensile skill is dependent on surface coating. It is for this ground that we ever look at diametric tensile strength as a mention to fracture opposition. Its diametric tensile strength is low and as a consequence rosin complexs are prone to fracture.13 The break opposition is extremely dependent on filler burden of rosin complex with higher filler lading increasing break resistance14 so it is really of import operator chooses of a rosin complex with a high filler burden.Tooth break does nt account for a important proportion of rosin composite failure this is due to the fact that rosin complexs b ond to tooth construction and reenforce it against fracture.15 Wear is merely a factor for failure in bruxers in which instance you likely would nt utilize resin composite if it was traveling to be subjected to high emphasiss. Colour is besides no longer a major issue for failure with one survey describing 94 % of rosin complex with acceptable coloring materials lucifer to coterminous dentitions after 17 years.16 This has besides improved with reduced aminoalkanes in the rosin complexs taking to less yellowing.It should be noted that alot of surveies of rosin complexs included older rosin complexs which dont reflect the current rosin complexs in rule which have improved bonding which will take to reduced failure in future surveies.Indirect buttocks inlays and onlaysIndirect rosin complex, gold and ceramic inlays are indicated as indirect category 1 and 2 posterior Restorations. Indirect rosin complex, gold and ceramic onlays are indicated as indirect category 1 and 2 posterior Res torations affecting one or more cusps.Indirect posterior rosin complex inlays/onlaysIndirect inlays and onlays were developed as an aesthetic option for medium and big posterior Restorations. This was done to get the better of some of the jobs associated with direct posterior Restorations. These Restorations are expensive and clip devour to put but they have distinguishable advantages over direct posterior Restorations which aim to cut down failure. Such advantages include1. They have improved proximal contacts as they are developed outside the oral cavity and even if wrong can be adjusted easy.2. They have decreased polymerization shrinking as it occurs outside the oral cavity. The lone polymerisation shrinking which occurs in oral cavity is of the double cured resin cement on cementation. This decreases microleakage and increases the strength of these restorations.17No statistical differences in success rates at 5 old ages was seen between these and direct buttocks restorations.18 With respects to failure of these Restorations, in one study19 the failure rate of indirect rosin composite inlays and onlays was 5 % at 4-6 old ages. Fracture of the tooth or fringy ridge, and secondary cavities are the most common manners of failure, with increased failure being seen with increased Restoration size. Loss of fringy adaptation, coloring material and anatomical signifier were besides seen but did non do Restoration failure. In another study20 a failure rate of 6 % at 1 twelvemonth was seen. Failure was due to secondary cavities and loss of pulp magazine verve. Again loss of anatomical signifier and fringy adaptation were seen but did non do failure of Restorations.The operator must guarantee round internal line angles and deepness of 2mm. Depth of less than 2mm can do bulk break of Restoration particularily in onlays.Indirect posterior ceramic inlays/onlaysIndirect ceramic inlays/onlays are extremely aesthetic and biocompatible indirect posterior Restorations. They have the same indicants and advantages as indirect posterior rosin composite inlays/onlays but are more expensive and are seen as less user friendly. There is a really strong bond between the rosin cement and the porelain doing it a better stuff for an onlay than rosin complex. ceramic Restorations have the potency to have on the opposing dentitions, for this ground the operator should nt utilize them for patients with parafuntion and teeth under high emphasiss. Loss of anatomical signifier is non a job with these Restorations.In one study21 eight out of 50 of the Restorations failed due to fracture at 3 old ages it was found that accommodation to the fitting surface and polished surfaces seemed to predispose to failure. Another 6 twelvemonth study22 found failure rate of 12 % with rosin cement and 26.3 % with gic adhering techniques. Partial break and secondary cavities were the most common grounds for failure. It was besides noted that there was increased ditching in ceramic Resto ration which is likely due to differing wear rate between ceramic and tooth.Operator must guarantee equal deepness and unit of ammunition internal line angles. The operator must ever do certain that with ceramic Restorations there is contact merely in maximal intercuspation and non in inframaxillary digressive motions.Indirect posterior gold inlays/onlaysPosterior cast gilded inlays and onlays have an first-class clinical path record. These Restorations have first-class wear opposition, do nt have on the opposing dentition and have high strength. They have the same indicants and contraindications as other inlays and onlays with the exclusion that they can be used in high emphasis countries, for illustration they can be used in bruxers. The disadvantage with this type of Restoration is they are expensive, can do hypersensitivity reactions and they are nt aesthetic. Posterior cast gilded inlays weaken the staying tooth construction and can take to cusp break. The chief manner of failu re of these Restorations is secondary cavities and tooth break. One survey showed a failure rate of 14.3 % at 10 old ages with 2 and 3 surface Restorations holding lower failure rates that one surface restorations.24 When making these Restorations, particularily in bruxers, the operator must neer put occlusal contact at enamel/gold border, contacts must be in enamel or gold merely.Indirect buttocks topsCast gold alloy windsAll metal Crowns are by and large made in the signifier of abounding coverage cast gilded Crown. This type of Restoration has been around for over 100 old ages and has a repute for giving the longest service of any dental restoration.25 These Restorations are really strong and biocompatible. The readying of full gold Crown is the most cautious of the full coverage Crowns, and unlike ceramic Crowns they cause no wear of opposing dentitions. Their chief drawback is their high cost and deficiency of aesthetics. These Restorations are used in dentition with exten ded tooth construction loss, root line treated dentitions and due to its high strength they can be placed in bruxers.The chief cause of failure for these Restorations is wear of the metal and secondary caries.26 These Restoration seldom fail by break and tend to protect tooth construction. Surveies have shown that these Restorations have the longest endurance rates and conversely the lowest failure rates of any dental Restoration. One long term survey showed a failure rate every bit low as 4.6 % 27 piece of music another study28 reported a 32 % failure of these Restorations over 10 old ages. Interestingly this survey reported increased failure of dramatis personae gold Crown in root treated dentitions. The operator must maintain in head opposition and keeping when fixing the tooth for these types of Restorations.All ceramic CrownsAll ceramic Crown usage in posterior dentition is increasing all the clip. This tendency will go on as patient s concern with aesthetics additions and s uppuration of improved strength in ceramics continues. These Restorations are extremely aesthetic, less expensive than other crown options and biocompatible. Unfortunately all ceramic Crowns have a non conservative tooth readying, have really low tensile strength and cause wear of opposing dentitions and as a consequence should non be used in bruxers or in dentitions which undergo high biting forces as they will necessarily neglect. These Restoration are typically merely used posteriorly teeth with loss of tooth construction or which have been root treated. In both instances they can merely be used where aesthetics are paramount and they wont be subjected to high emphasiss.The failure of Thursdaies Restoration in posterior dentition is the highest for all crown Restorations. Current grounds even suggests that clinicians should nt utilize all ceramic Restorations in molars.29 Failure of these Restorations is due to secondary cavities and break of the crown Restoration. One survey sho wed a failure rate of 0.8 % .30 Another survey reported a 6 % failure in all ceramic Restorations after 3 years.31 Neither of these surveies are longterm survey and the were set in private pattern with individual tooth doctors transporting out work. perhaps their exceeding clinical accomplishment led to such high consequences because in a long term survey over 10 old ages in general alveolar consonant services the failure rate was 52 % . This was higher that gold or ceramometal by a big fraction.28 Just like dramatis personae metal crowns the failure rate is increased in root treated dentitions.Porcelain fussed to metal CrownsPorcelain fused to metal Crowns are the most common signifier of Crown used in dental medicine. They combine the strength of the dramatis personae metal with the aesthetics of porcelain. Their chief disadvantage is their disbursal and the fact they wear opposing dentitions so they cant be used in bruxers. Their biocompatibility is besides questionable as a lit tle per centum of people can hold hypersensitivy reactions to the metal.It is true to state that porcelain fused to metal hold comparatively long term service.32 When they fail it is normally due to recurrent cavities or break of porcelain from the metal understructure.33 One survey showed failure of 38 % at 10 years.28 The rate of failure is increased with root treated teeth as was seen with the other two types of Crowns.DecisionWhile Is have o

The characters in Aeschylus’ Agamemnon create only fear and no pity in each other and in the audience

I agree with this statement to a certain extent, however, I think it does not represent the whole of the Agamemnon. I think that what invokes pity, be events, rather than characters, that arrive preceded the wanton away. There are mixes of inactive and fearsome characters in the Agamemnon. Clytemnestra and Aegisthus are an example of fearsome characters, when she kills Agamemnon and Cassandra, and he threatens the chorus near the end of the play. The chorus are relatively passive throughout the play until aggressive actions towards Aegisthus at the end.The first idea of fear that does appear in the play is with the prologue of the play with the watchman Whenever I find myself shifting my bed about at night, wet with dew, unvisited by dreams because fear instead of sleep stands at my side to stop my eyes closing fast in slumber (l. 13) This is immediately demonstrative of the fear that his mistress, Clytemnestra, instils in him. It affects the watchman so much so, that his fear l ucre his eyes closing fast.This is the first indicator in the play that Clytemnestra is stepping into her role as the Iron gentlewoman of Greece. We know that she has set up a type of communication which allows her to know whether or not the Greeks have beat the Trojans, and whether or not their coming back. This gives her time to prepare her trap. I think for this reason, she probably punctuate the importance of the watchmans role, and the punishment that would be inflicted should he fail his task.The chorus also expose fear There were times I thought Id faint with longing for the Greek armies to return I have long had silence as my medicine against harm l. 539. This is not implicit as to who will harm them if they ever break their silence, but they are obviously trying to hide something from the betoken and the kings that have returned. The dramatic irony in this play also shows how the audience and the chorus know something that the precursor and the kings do not know.It se ems like Clytemnestra has secured their silence, to make sure that the men returning home do not know about the doom that awaits their King Agamemnon. An abstract idea of fear that is presented by Aeschylus is through Clytemnestra, by demonstrating the potency of fear, and how it can make people do things that they would not otherwise do. She makes Agamemnon step on the empurpled fabric through her.

Democracy of U.S. History Essay

Democracy, as it is theatrical roled today, means the people rule. A democracy is a form of government ruled by the people of the country through elections and representation. A democracy is really a form of republic known as a democratic republic. A republic is a government where officials elected by a small group of people that discharge the important decisions. Democracy has been around for almost 2500 years since Athens, Greece became the first democracy. The Romans also experimented with democracy, however it was more a republic, and non a democracy. Around 1200 England laid the groundwork to become a republic. Later, in the 1700s, United States of the States became a democracy. During the first decades of our premature nations existence, it is hard to imagine that the United States would evolve to become such a big(p) democracy.A democracy others would prefer to believe with hypocrite reasoning. When the U.S. first won its independence it was a united group of people left to defend for themselves. This group was to become a nation and creating it regard more than winning independence from Great Britain. In 1783, the U.S. was a country forming in its premature stages. By 1787, this baby begins to develop, to become a nation. By 1787, people perceived that their constitution represented what the people craved the U.S. to be well at least the Federalists presumed this. The Anti-Federalists watched for signs that threatened their republi burn down principals for which they so recently had fought the American Revolution. later winning the contend the unity and optimism among Americans did not translate easily or smoothly into the creation of a untouchable central government.The Federalists and Anti-Feds were very strange to each others views. By the late 1700s and early 1800s, a deep political division had occurred amongst the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. Anti-Federalists were mostly from the South, and were labeled Jeffersonian. Their label came from the fact that they defended slavery and third President, Thomas Jefferson, was known for owning herds of black slaves. Southerners held agreed with many of Jeffersons views. The Anti-Feds and Republicans believed in strict recitation of the constitution, peaceful foreign relations, and a reduction of the role of the federal government in the lives of average citizens. They were opposed to astrong central government and felt states should hold the power to govern. The Federalists believed that the constitution should be slackly interpreted and that America should follow the spirit of it to make laws and judgments.Federalists wanted to organize the states so a strong federal power could govern over them in order to keep enough power for the economy, war and ruling. Many were opposed to this form of government because it so closely mimicked that of Great Britain. Between these two diverse groups, their followers split the nation. The United States was geographically spli t North from South. The North was home of manufacturers and industry. Farming was not the Norths economic base as was manufacturing. Crops would not grow year around due to freezing weather therefore slaves were of no need during off-seasons in farming. Here, it was not economically safe or resourceful to own slaves, because of the fact that they were expensive to acquire and maintain. Since slaves were mostly used in manual labor, their use in the North was almost nonexistent.Blacks were not used in factories for fear of them gaining knowledge and accessing power. In the South, declamatory plantations and small farm owners used slaves for their manual labor of the fields and common household work. Not every household in the South owned a slave, as many people may believe. scarce the wealthy could afford slaves. These slaves abducted from Africa were characterized and treated equivalent to animals by their owners. Since slaves were owned, they were property, and they were treated however their holders felt fit. This was a great threat to democracy because it went against what democracy supposedly stood for. Slavery, at the time, was disregarded in the constitution and therefore it can be concluded that the government ignored it.There were greater threats to democracy during the first decades of U.S. independence that atomic number 18 far more important to the significance of the period. Americans held an optimistic view of the nations manifest destiny. The benefits and pitfalls that go hand-in-hand with a democratic society call for a fluid and amendable constitution. Nevertheless, the strengths outweigh the weaknesses as evidence by the overall equitable conditions amidst the citizens, and the equal opportunities available to all.

Puppu

You populate I stick extinct been exigencying a whelp for almost a year forthwith I be in possession of been working my exclusivelyt off to decide and earn one, I gestate tried e rattlingthing but you wont budge I proficient dont k promptly what I need to do. Whenever mom is gone Im the one that harbors sustainment of the pets and I am responsible and you some(prenominal) know it I put a lot of effort into things I sexual love. For example, I am doing a lot better in soccer now that I love it, and eating food and a lot more. I know puppies are a lot of work especially since we already have a blackguard. When I have to beat up in the middle of the night to take it off to go potty.I know u think I wont do that cause I never get up for work, but I dont enjoy school that much so why would you want to interrupt your sleeping to do something that you dont LOVE I mea school Is k I always get up right wing away when we have to leave should be qualified to get one The pas s over leave behind help me to be more responsible The drop back basis be a confederate for the whole family Taking the dog on walks will give me more exercise and be able to get outdoors more Dogs are therapeutic, especially during sad or lonely times. A dog is a friend that will always be there to cheer you up.And I know our family unavoidably that a lot when you guys yell or I do something wrong They are Like great deal who understand what youre saying and they know when Just to lick you and lay down right next to you and Just sit there and let you pet them until you feel better. I will clean up afterward It and teach It tricks and condition it I wont be on my phone or gather ining T. V. Or on the computer because I will be busy with the dog I would stop nagging on you and arguing with you I will try and pay for it Now that we are moving we have a backyard with a fence and I still remember to this ay that you said that once we get a fence you can have another dog.The fe nce will keep him and we can easily watch it while it runs around and plays and goes potty. I did some research and this is what I learned. The well-heeled Retrievers intelligence makes them versatile, allowing them to fill a variety of roles, Including gulled dog for the blind, hearing dog for the deaf, hunting dog,illegal drug detector, and search and rescue participant. Because of their loyal and soft temperament, Golden Retrievers are also popular family pets. Golden Retrievers possess friendly, eager-to-pleaseUnited States, the fifth most popular in Australia and the eighth most popular in the United Kingdom The temperament of the Golden Retriever is a authentication of the breed, and is described in the standard as kindly, friendly and confident. Golden Retrievers make approximate family pets, specially as they are patient with children. They are not one man dogs and are generally equally amiable with both strangers and those familiar to them. Their trusting, gentle disp osition makes them a poor guard dog.Any form of light aggression or hostility towards either people, dogs or there animals, whether in the show ring or community, is considered unacceptable in a Golden Retriever and is not in keeping with the character of the breed. Nor should a Golden Retriever be unduly timid or nervous. The typical Golden Retriever is calm, naturally intelligent and biddable, with an exceptional set to please. One of the brightest dogs ranked by obedience-command tractability. ) Other characteristics related to their hunting heritage are a surface suited for scrambling in and out of boats and an inordinate love for water. Golden Retrievers are exceptionally trainable?due to their intelligence, strenuosity and desire to please their handlers?and excel in obedience trials. They are also very competitive in agility and other performance withalts. Harsh training methods are unnecessary, as Golden Retrievers often move very well to positive and upbeat training s tyles. Golden Retrievers require regular grooming and an periodic bath.They should be groomed at least once a week, and every day during heavy shedding. They should be bathed every two months. Their coats shed somewhat during the year, but are known to heed profusely double a year. They also need to have their ears cleaned regularly, or ear infections might occur. While shedding is unavoidable, habitual grooming (daily to weekly) lessens the amount of hair shed by the animal. Severe shedding resulting in bald patches can be indicative of stress or sickness in a Golden Retriever.That was my research but I did a lot more ask me any question and I will make out it correctly. Now that we are moving into this new house there is more room for two dogs. I know taking care of a puppy is a lot of responsibility but I need that challenge. I have been yarn a lot about how to train and how to potty train your new puppy I have read books and researched it too and I know it will sens and pe e on the carpet but I will potty train it, heck it might even come potty trained but I am dead set on acquiring a golden retriever I will do anything.This dog will be tap, my responsibility mine to train, feed ,give it love,take for walks,provide and care for. I need something a pet pr Just something like this dog that will love me for what I am and when I am in trouble or did something very wrong, have a bad day at school and need it to love me hen Im sad. perchance my puppy will be the glue for all the broken pieces in our family , it will mend the family back into one like it used to be.I know we are in the process of moving right now and I would be able to take care of it AND actually help move pack everything up help organize do chores outside WITHOUT arguing or sassing back or macrocosm disrespectful and doing everything the first time you guys ask. If I really want something I can have the right mind set and I can get it done. I know you both feel you will end up having to take care of it but I will take care of it f my own to call it mine and have my puppy love me a lot. I have set a couple people that we can get them from in our price range.It would really mean a lot to me if I got one I will trade my phone, pad and T. V. In for a puppy I will never let you guys down and I will never not care for it. All I want is a puppy a golden retriever puppy to call my own. I know they dont stay puppies forever, they will grow up to become dogs and I promise always to take care of it. I will sleep on the floor with only a blanket for the residue of the I live here. Every mourning I will wake up take it out to go to he bathroom brush it give it exercise and go to school come shell and take it out for a walk do my homework then play with it more.I know I will need both of you guys help to take it out to go to the bathroom when at school and that does take a lot, but know that school is almost over I will have all summer to train it and keep it company and do everything. I know right now isnt the time to ask for a puppy but I have good grades but I have been very disrespectful and mean and Just not a good child and you guys believably feel like you shouldnt do anything for me right now which is exactly how you should feel but think of the good things I have AR points good grades am doing good in soccer and have been very(prenominal) responsible.I will do anything for this puppy I really will and it would mean everything to me it would show how much you love me and care and have confidence in me. I have showed that I am responsible with dogs when I fostered Rocco and Rudy and I tried very hard to do everything I could for them. Thank you very much for reading this I really hope you know how much this means to me truly and I love you.

Motorola’s Global Strategy

? Short description of the human face For years Motorola and was among the worlds to the highest degree successful consumer electronics firms. The firm hence controlled the emerging U. S. securities industry for cellular teleph integritys and pagers solely, like umpteen anformer(a)(prenominal) firms at the time, was a bit complacent and not precipitously foc utilise on competing with the Nipp wizse. Motorola has remained the exception Today it is one of the world leaders in mobile communication technology, including the manufacture of cellular telephones, paging devices, automotive semiconductors, and microchips employ to operate devices otherwise than computers.Japanese firms began to flood the U. S. market with low-priced, high-quality telephones and pagers. Motorola was shoved into the background. Motorola then decided to fight back and restore the firms conf pulmonary tuberculosisd market jell. This fight obscure a two-part outline First project from the Japanes e and then make do with them. To carry out these strategies, executives set a military issue of broad-based goals that essentially act the firm to lowering make ups, improving quality, and regaining lost market sh be.Managers were sent on missions worldwide, but specially to Japan, to examine how to compete better. Motorola overly try to pass hexad Sigma quality which is become main schema of Motorola. By using this outline, Motorola try to achieve a perfection rate of 99. 9997%. When Motorola actually achieved this level of quality, it becharm the prestigious Malcolm Baldrige National whole tone Award. Motorola become success on its operations overseas, especially in Japan. It likewise generates over 56% of its revenues abroad. Problem identification of the caseFrom the case, one of Motorolas schema in doing the tune is expanse its business abroad. The firm then needs to concentrate on how to do its business abroad and what kind of strategies should be taken to achieve its goal. Motorola controlled the emerging U. S. market for cellular telephones and pagers. Motorola has also won many battles around the world in consecrate to doing its business abroad. But, like many other firms at the time, was a bit complacent and not aggressively focused on competing with the Japanese. Motorola began to fall in its aspiration with Japanese.For that reason, Motorola surrender to find upstart strategies to lucre its battles, not derively the competition with Japanese but also other countries that becomes Motorolas target market. Formulation of problem solving In terms of finding the strategies to do the business, a company must first define its vision and mission. Economic success, indeed survival, is the result of identifying missions to satisfy a customers needs and postulates. The organizations mission be as its purpose what it go out alter to society. Mission statements provide boundaries and focus for organizations and the concept around which the firm quite a little rally.The mission states the precept for organizations existence. Developing good strategy is difficult, but it is much easier if the mission has been well defined. Motorola also try to picture what their quarrys to deal with the competition around Japanese and around the globe. Motorolas fundamental objective is to attain tot customer satisfaction. Others Motorola unique(predicate) goals ar to achieve agonistical advantage by fair the best in its class in terms of people, marketing, technology, result, manufacturing, and suffice, to increase global market sh ar and to achieve superior financial results and improve shareholder value.Before arrived in the concept of strategies, a company should install an attire analysis. SWOT analysis consists of Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Motorola also build its SWOT analysis based on the market experiences. Motorolas SWOT analysis comprise of 1. Strengths Motorola is one of the worlds lea ding providers of wireless communications, semiconductors and advanced electronic systems, components and services. Motorola is an ar muchr of technology and has first- chance uponr advantage. In the early 1980s, Motorola controlled the emerging U. S. arket for wireless communication devices such(prenominal) as cellular telephones, pagers and high-frequency radios. Motorola maintains sales, service and manufacturing facilities throughout the world, conducts business on six continents and employs more than 139,000 people worldwide. Motorola is strongly committed to delivering customer satisfaction, constant feeler, and setting natural standards of quality. 2. Weaknesses Motorola maintained old strategies in doing business, was conservative and unambitious. Motorola was complacent in its leadership position in the U.S. market, and failed to aggressively compete with the emerging Japanese firms. 3. Opportunities Motorola can compete and expand globally. Information and communicatio ns technology is fast-paced, with new discoveries happening every minute. Motorola can match this speed of discovery with new and advance(a) product and technology development. 4. Threats Japanese electronics firms are heavy competitors in terms of cost and quality leadership. Barriers to entry, provider power, threats of substitutes, degree of rivalry, and buyer power.After defined its mission and made a SWOT analysis of the company, then the company can start to create its strategies to do the business. Strategy is an organizations action broadcast to achieve the mission. apiece functional area has a strategy for achieving its mission and for succoring the organization endeavour the overall mission. These strategies exploit opportunities and strengths, neutralize threats, and avoid weaknesses. Firms achieve missions in three conceptual ways (1) differentiation, (2) cost leadership, and (3) response. Each of the three strategies provides an opportunity for operations managers t o achieve competitive advantage.Competitive advantage implies the creation of a system that has a unique advantage over competitors. The idea is to create customer value in an efficient and sustainable way. These conceptual ways then develop into competitive priorities. Competitive priorities consist of Competing on Cost by lowering cost operation Competing on quality High-Performance Design consistent fictional character Competing on Speed (Time-bases Competition) Fast Delivery On-Time Delivery Development Speed for new product Competing on Flexibility Customization Volume tractability Motorolas global strategiesThe first thing that Motorolas managers want to do to attach the competition with Japan is involved a two-part strategy First learn from the Japanese and then compete with them. Managers were sent on missions worldwide, but especially to Japan, to learn how to compete better. The send of the managers was change integrity into three categories, first, represent visit a nd study of successful Japanese firms such as Toshiba and Hitachi, second, study Motorolas own Japanese operations to learn more fully how it functioned, third, plant visit and study of U. S. est-practice companies such as widely distributed Electric. The lessons that the managers took from this investigation are first, Motorola should travel along and invest in employee education and training. Motorola should not only send employees to limited quality-enhancement training, but must recognize that employees need a broader form of education to learn that they can initiate and implement effective quality planning and design, and thereby meet company objectives. From a narrow emphasis on specific quality techniques, Motorola should focus on manufacturing-related education.Management should consider partnering with local anaesthetic schools and colleges in providing courses ranging from practical technical application, to business courses, to graduate work in computer-integrated man ufacturing. Second, Motorola should implement a benchmarking syllabus using American and Japanese best-practices. Motorola must know what levels of quality its products must achieve to top its competitors. Each of the firms business units must implement benchmarking programs that analyze all aspects of a competitors products to assess manufacturability, reliability, manufacturing cost, and performance.Motorola must also mensurate the products of other companies against its own standards to verify that whether its own products rank as best in their class. Third, Motorola should adopt the Defective-Parts-Per- cardinal (DPPM) snuggle to determine product reliability. From the lessons learned from the Japanese, Motorola should institute the Defective-Parts-Per-one thousand thousand, or DPPM product reliability standard. DPPM can be defined as the average number of defects in an average production run multiplied by one cardinal. From these lessons, Motorola take some key initiatives to achieve its objectives and to gain the competitive advantage.The key initiatives are hexad Sigma flavor Six sigma was pioneered by Bill Smith at Motorola in 1986 originally used as a metric for measuring defects for improving quality a methodological analysis to reduce defect levels 3. 4 Defects Per Million Opportunities (DPMO). Motorola divided six sigma into three levels, as a metric, as a methodology, and as a trouble system. Essentially, Six Sigma is all three at the same time. tot up make pass time reduction essential cycle time is the time from when a Motorola customer places an order until it is delivered.In fact, in the case of new products, Motorolas cycle-time reduction is even more ambitious the clock starts ticking the moment the product is conceived. This calls for an examination of the resume system, including design, manufacturing, marketing, and administration. Product, Manufacturing and Environmental Leadership Motorola try to be the leader in all segment s in order to arrive at the battles of competing with its competitors and to emerge the market around the globe. Motorola try to achieve it by doing customization and put some innovation to its product.The flexibleness in doing the business also applied in order to be the leader of the market. Profit receipts The company has been implementing Six Sigma throughout the organization for over 15 years, extending the practice beyond manufacturing into transactional, support, and service functions. As a result, Motorola has documented over $16 billion in savings. Empowerment for all, in a Participative, co-op and Creative Workplace All levels of the company are involved in decision making make for. Non-executive employees erect directly through Motorolas Participative Management Program (PMP).Composed of employees who work in the same area or are assigned to achieve a specific aim, PMP team ups meet often to assess progress toward shock quality goals, to identify new initiatives, a nd to work on problems. To reward high-quality work, savings that stem from team recommendations are shared. Motorola also do the training as critical to increasing quality and productivity. Motorolas strategy takes us to its competitive priorities. The primary business strategy of Motorola is six sigma. Motorola try to improve its product quality by reducing the defect levels of the product 3. Defects Per Million Opportunities (DPMO). The usefulness of quality means that Motorola try to compete in quality among its competitors. Another strategy of Motorola is reducing its total cycle time. This strategy also supported by six sigma approach which is six sigma help to diminish unimportant variables in operations. By reducing its total cycle time, Motorola also try to compete on speed. Reducing its total cycle time allow affect its cost to operations. Furthermore, six sigma approach means try to achieve perfection of product quality. By eliminating the mistakes, it also reduces the costs to operations.By lowering its cost operation, Motorola also try to compete on cost. Motorola also try to compete on flexibility by customization and able to adapt with trends over the society. Motorola began customizing their Bandit pager in the early 1980s, to offer customers up to 29 million product combinations encompassing hardware and software configurations. Production was consolidated in one factory whereas before the project it had been divided among a number of facilities. Customers select their options and a salesperson enters the specification into a computer system.It is then transmitted to the company systems and on to the assembly work on. The facility could accept orders for single pagers in any sequence. The finished product was then shipped to the customer. Conclusions In order to expanse its business, Motorola use its goal concept and SWOT analysis to define its business strategy to compete around the globe, especially Japanese. Motorola try to learn from the Japanese and then compete with them. From the lessons over the managers sending option, Motorola build its key initiatives in order to do its business.The primary key initiative which is its current strategy in competition around the globe is Six Sigma. Other key initiatives are total cycle time reduction, product, manufacturing and environmental leadership, profit improvement, empowerment for all, in a participative, cooperative and creative workplace. outcome the case problem 1. What are the components of Motorolas international strategy? Answer 1)Learning from the Japanese 2)Competing directly with them Six Sigma Quality Total Cycle Time Reduction Product, Manufacturing and Environmental Leadership Profit returnEmpowerment for all, in a Participative, conjunct and Creative Workplace The first thing that Motorolas managers want to do to conquer the competition with Japan is involved a two-part strategy First learn from the Japanese and then compete with them. Managers were sent on missions worldwide, but especially to Japan, to learn how to compete better. The sending of the managers was divided into three categories, first, plant visit and study of successful Japanese firms such as Toshiba and Hitachi, second, study Motorolas own Japanese operations to learn more fully how it functioned, third, plant visit and study of U.S. best-practice companies such as General Electric. From these lessons, Motorola take some key initiatives to achieve its objectives and to gain the competitive advantage. The key initiatives are Six Sigma Quality Six sigma was pioneered by Bill Smith at Motorola in 1986 originally used as a metric for measuring defects for improving quality a methodology to reduce defect levels 3. 4 Defects Per Million Opportunities (DPMO). Motorola divided six sigma into three levels, as a metric, as a methodology, and as a wariness system. Essentially, Six Sigma is all three at the same time.Total cycle time reduction Total cycle time is the ti me from when a Motorola customer places an order until it is delivered. In fact, in the case of new products, Motorolas cycle-time reduction is even more ambitious the clock starts ticking the moment the product is conceived. This calls for an examination of the total system, including design, manufacturing, marketing, and administration. Product, Manufacturing and Environmental Leadership Motorola try to be the leader in all segments in order to win the battles of competing with its competitors and to emerge the market around the globe.Motorola try to achieve it by doing customization and put some innovation to its product. The flexibility in doing the business also applied in order to be the leader of the market. Profit Improvement The company has been implementing Six Sigma throughout the organization for over 15 years, extending the practice beyond manufacturing into transactional, support, and service functions. As a result, Motorola has documented over $16 billion in savings. Empowerment for all, in a Participative, Cooperative and Creative Workplace All levels of the company are involved in decision making process.Non-executive employees contribute directly through Motorolas Participative Management Program (PMP). Composed of employees who work in the same area or are assigned to achieve a specific aim, PMP teams meet often to assess progress toward meet quality goals, to identify new initiatives, and to work on problems. To reward high-quality work, savings that stem from team recommendations are shared. Motorola also do the training as critical to increasing quality and productivity. 2. Describe how Motorola might have arrived at its current strategy as a result of a SWOT analysis Answer Motorola controlled the emerging U.S. market for cellular telephones and pagers. Motorola has also won many battles around the world in order to doing its business abroad. But, like many other firms at the time, was a bit complacent and not aggressively focused on co mpeting with the Japanese. Motorola began to fall in its competition with Japanese. Motorola first try to picture what their objectives to deal with the competition around Japanese and around the globe. Before arrived in the concept of strategies, a company made an SWOT analysis. From this SWOT analysis, Motorola tried to find a new way to regain the firms lost market position.The first thing that Motorolas managers want to do to conquer the competition with Japan is involved a two-part strategy First learn from the Japanese and then compete with them. Managers were sent on missions worldwide, but especially to Japan, to learn how to compete better. The sending of the managers was divided into three categories, first, plant visit and study of successful Japanese firms such as Toshiba and Hitachi, second, study Motorolas own Japanese operations to learn more fully how it functioned, third, plant visit and study of U. S. best-practice companies such as General Electric.The lessons tha t the managers took from this investigation are Motorola should adopt and invest in employee education and training, Motorola should implement a benchmarking program using American and Japanese best-practices, and in conclusion Motorola should adopt the Defective-Parts-Per-Million (DPPM) approach to determine product reliability. From these lessons, Motorola take some key initiatives to achieve its objectives and to gain the competitive advantage. The primary key initiative which is its current strategy in competition around the globe is Six Sigma. 3. Discuss Motorolas primary business strategyAnswer Motorolas primary business strategy is Six Sigma. Six Sigma has evolved over the last two decades and so has its definition. Six Sigma has material, conceptual, and practical definitions. Motorola think close to Six Sigma at three different levels As a metric The term Sigma is often used as a master for levels of goodness or quality. Using this case, Six Sigma equates to 3. 4 defec ts per one million opportunities (DPMO). Therefore, Six Sigma started as a defect reduction effort in manufacturing and was then applied to other business processes for the same purpose.To give such numbers meaning, the engineers at Motorola set up a scale to evaluate the quality of a process based on these defect calculations. At the top of the scale is Six Sigma, which equates to 3. 4 DPMO, or 99. 9997% defect-free. In other words, if a company have a process running at Six Sigma, the company almost eliminated all defects , its nearly perfect. Of course, most processes dont run at Six Sigma. They run at Five Sigma, Four Sigma or worse. Heres the table that shows full scale to get an appreciation of the numbers involvedThe process mean willing vary apiece time a process is executed using different equipment, different personnel, different materials, etc. The observed variation in the process mean was 1. 5 sigma. Motorola decided a design tolerance (specification width) of 6 sig ma was postulate so that there will be only 3. 4 ppm defects measurements outside the design tolerance. This was defined as Six Sigma quality. As a methodology As Six Sigma has evolved, there has been less emphasis on the literal definition of 3. 4 DPMO, or counting defects in products and processes.Six Sigma is a business improvement methodology that focuses an organization on Understanding and managing customer invitements Aligning key business processes to achieve those requirements Utilizing rigorous information analysis to minimize variation in those processes Driving rapid and sustainable improvement to business processes At the heart of the methodology is the DMAIC model for process improvement. DMAIC is commonly used by Six Sigma project teams and is an acronym for typeset opportunity The purpose of this step is to obtain a precise definition of a problem or issue that requires attention.The key here is not to focus on the outcome (which is what most people largely do) , but to concentrate companys attention on the process that creates that outcome. This often requires detailed process mapping to be done so that all the stages in a process, how they link together and how they interrelate, are fully understood. Define opportunity consist of try to know he customers requirements, the team charter represents the business case for the project, define and build a process map that relates measurable inner(a) processes to customer needs. Measure performanceOnce the problem and its potential causes are understood, the company can move on to detailed measurement of all the elements in the process and what influence they have on each other. During this step it is important to focus on the parts of the process that are critical to quality the ones that can be shown to have the greatest impact on the process outcomes. This step may also require some benchmarking to find parts of your business, or perhaps other businesses these maybe competitors or organisat ions in other sectors) that manage this process better.Ideally the company will find the best there is to study and learn from. Analyze opportunity Having gathered all the necessary measurements the company can then analyze them to designate how well or poorly the process is working, its full detrimental impact on the organization, the opportunities for improvement and the benefits that would result if it were improved. This analysis will show the gap between what is being achieved and what could be achieved, where improvements might be made and whether the investment needed would be justified by the return. Improve performanceThe information gathered and analyzed in the previous steps will have pinpointed where the maximum returns are possible for the tokenish investments. This is therefore where the efforts are focused to ensure that the process is improved in the precise areas and in the specific ways that will have the greatest impact on the outcomes. Control performance This step is needed to ensure that all gains made will remain as gains and will not be allowed to causa back. The purpose is to lock in your success through on-going monitoring and control processes that will guarantee no eversion to the previous, poor results. As a management system Through experience, Motorola has learned that disciplined use of metrics and application of the methodology is still not enough to drive desired breakthrough improvements and results that are sustainable over time. For greatest impact, Motorola ensures that process metrics and structured methodology are applied to improvement opportunities that are directly linked to the organizational strategy. When practiced as a management system, Six Sigma is a high performance system for executing business strategy.Six Sigma is a top-down solution to help organizations Align their business strategy to critical improvement efforts Mobilize teams to attack high impact projects speed up improved business results Govern e fforts to ensure improvements are sustained The Six Sigma Management System drives pellucidity around the business strategy and the metrics that most reflect success with that strategy. It provides the framework to prioritize resources for projects that will improve the metrics, and it leverages leaders who will manage the efforts for rapid, sustainable, and improved business results.References Heizer, Jay & Render, Barry, Operations Management, Eight Edition, The Prentice Hall, 2006. Pande, slit S, Neuman, Robert P, & Cavanagh, Roland R, The Six Sigma Way How GE, Motorola, and Other Top Companies are Honing Their Performance, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2000. Pyzdek, Thomas, The Six Sigma Project Planner A bit-by-bit Guide to Leading a Six Sigma Project Through DMAIC, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2000. http//www. motorola. com/ http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Motorola http//www. trizsigma. com/six. html http//www. brecker. com/six_sigma. htm