The Inferno is a work that Dante used to express the theme...

OUTLINE Thesis statement: In Dantes Inferno, the first part of the Divine Comedy, Dante develops many themes throughout the adventures of the travelers. The Inferno is a work that Dante used to express the theme on his ideas of Gods divine justice. Gods divine justice is demonstrated through the punishments of the sinners the travelers encounter. 1) Introduction A. An overview Dante Alighieris life, writing style and the Inferno B. Dante Alighieris life during the torrential times of the Florentine history C. His writing style not only consisted of some literature firsts, but also his ability to make the reader feel present in the story 2) Main Points: Dantes Inferno enables man to understand that the punishment of the soul is†¦show more content†¦The city-state was divided at the time into Guelphs--the party of the pope--and Ghibellines--the party of the Holy Roman Emperor. The Alighieris belonged to the former party until they were driven out in the late 1200s. The Guelphs assumed power but split themselves up into Whites and Blacks, the Whites taking the antipapal position of the Ghibellines. Dante eventually cast his lot in with the Whites. When the Blacks seized power in Florence in 1302, they condemned him to death, forcing him to leave his wife, Gemma Donati, and their four children in his beloved native city for the rest of his life. Dante spent most of his time in exile writing new pieces of literature (Siegal). It is believed that around 1307 he stops work on Convivio to begin The Comedy (later known as The Divine Comedy). He completed it shortly before he dies in 1321. The Divine Comedy is recognized as his greatest literature accomplishment not only for the multitude of themes and literature firsts, but also for the beauty of his writing style. With his writing style and the implementation of some literature firsts, Dante assured his name in history. His mastery of language, his sensitivity to the sights and sounds of nature, and his infinite store of information allow him to capture and draw the reader into the realm of the terrestrial Hell. His vast store of knowledge of Greek mythology and the history of his society assists Dante in the

Jay E. Adams Critique - 1386 Words

Dr. Adams (1986) falls into the anti-psychology camp, and he stands firm on his convictions that the Word of God is sufficient for counseling. His whole bases for the counseling process is from 2 Timothy 3:16 which states that all scripture is God s revealed truth and is perfect for teaching, correction, and training in righteousness. Jay Adams (1986) book How to Help People Change, can be considered a controversial book depending how one perceives it. Throughout the book, it appears as if Adams is writing in a condescending style. At times he appears angry calling people names such as peons (p. 76) to refer to people who think differently than he does. Dr. Adams premise was for the sufficiency of scripture. Christianity never needed†¦show more content†¦Nouthetic counseling recognizes the important role that the Holy Spirit plays in the counselee; even more important than the counselor himself. The counselor is more of a conduit allowing for the Holy Spirit to make his way in. Change and the heart are central issues and the Holy Spirit is key in changing the heart. Substantial change in a person is tied to the Holy Spirit working from within. No man, no matter how godly or educated, is capable of giving God-glorifying counsel without the work of the Holy Spirit. The scriptures are used as final authority (not the counselor s opinions, experience, or education). The Holy Spirit then opens the heart of the counselee so that he or she will be able to comprehend the Scriptures and apply it to their lives. The process of change that Adams describes is a four-step biblical process based on the fact that all Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousnessâ€â€" (2 Timothy 3:16, ESV). It has three distinctions to it. First, it involves, the Ministry of the Word, which includes teaching, exhortation, rebuke, encouragement, etc. Secondly, the Spirit of God blesses and brings it about, and brings the counselee closer to the likeness of Christ (Adams, 1986, p. xiv). It is substantial change that requires the Holy Spirit s alteration of the heart (ones inner life known only to God andShow MoreRelatedA Critique Of Dr. Jay E. Adams1417 Words   |  6 Pages A Critique of Dr. Jay E. Adams, Dr. William Backus Marie Chapian Counseling Theories Belinda Jeanette Prescott Liberty University A Critique of Dr. Jay E. Adams, Dr. William Backus Marie Chapian Counseling Theories Concise Summary of Theory Adams (1986), has developed a four step process in which he lines up and bases off of II Timothy 3:14-17, the four steps include, teaching, conviction, correction, and disciplined training in righteousness. 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what i have learn during my time at Culver free essay sample

Throughout a person’s whole life, the development of an individual human being can be separate into many different periods. For me, the life in Culver is definitely a changing point in my future than other years that I have experienced. Culver, as what the name means, America Eagle is the sign for all the American soldiers, Culver specifically is a place with full of passion, military rules and leadership, which teach me how to be a good leader. It’s a honorable for me as a cadet in Culver, in these three years† experience, I believe that I gain enough knowledge and understand how important for a person to have a vision. Like what our Captain used to say, â€Å"A man who lost his vision is not longer have a chance to step into the hall of success.† Culver has raised me up, so that I could enjoy a vast view of the world. We will write a custom essay sample on what i have learn during my time at Culver or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Especially the Culver’s Library, the sanctuary of mind always keeps me in a close touch with those great thoughts of giants, Shakespeare, Russell, Churchill, Roosevelt, to name only a few. All these overwhelmingly famous names have turned familiar and friendly here. These great minds teach me how to live a meaningful life. They warn me that the last but greatest enemy for mankind is human existence itself. Their words of wisdom shall guide and guard me to overcome all the obstacles beset in the course of my life. In the light of this statement, I have to say that Culver years have brightened up my vision. In Culver, one majority view for me is to understand being a solider need to have a stronger shoulder to take enough responsibilities about the thing you do and the time you pass, that’s a great mission for me to get closer as a real solider. When I was a junior, I was chosen a volunteer for the Handicapped Association. My job at that time is to take care of specific numbers of people who are deformity. In these 7 days, we being passed in an extremely common life like any other common else, it’s a scene that describe the bravery to live in this world without a complete body, a life with painful and delightful. Even a tiny help for them doesn’t means help that simple, it’s an opportunity to become friends, through which I see that the possession of life lies in sharing. This is how Culver years has defined my mission. The present president of Culver Academy Lawrence H. Summers, former President of Harvard said in one graduated speech, â€Å"life is a climb, but the view is great.† Living in a world of madding crowd, a group, or even a small group of people are expected to remain transcendental and sober. If any can live up to so high a standard of existence, Culver graduates can. And I’m get ready to start my freshman life in College.

Research Paper on The Sound and The Fury Essay Example

Research Paper on The Sound and The Fury Paper The Sound and The Fury by V. Faulkner The Sound and the Fury took Faulkner three years to write first published in 1929. It is a story in which many of the southern themes are woven into an artful and compelling tale of an aristocratic agrarian family clinging to dusty old traditions handed down from pre-war generations. The novel does not portray tales of civil war heroism but begins with the final effects of Confederate defeat on the Compson family. In â€Å"The Sound and the Fury,† Faulkner leaves his characters without future; it seems like they are living in the past instead of struggling for better destiny.‘The reader first meets the Compson family on the brink of complete destruction after years of ruin. In the novel, Faulkner explores the southern themes of tradition, progress, race, religion and despair through three first-person narratives from the three Compson brothers: one from the perspective of an idiot, the second from the perspective of a dead man, and the third through the perspective of the Compson’s bitter, greedy and sadistic last patriarch, Jason. The fourth and final section is written from a third person perspective which has a largely religious flavor. The sister of the Compson brothers, Caddy, is the central focus of all four sections, and therefore her character is considered the novel’s central figure. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on The Sound and The Fury specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on The Sound and The Fury specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on The Sound and The Fury specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer â€Å"The characters in The Sound and the Fury are each in their own ways wedded to the past, which is Sartre’s main criticism of the novel.† (Brooks 44) Faulkner’s characters lack a future, and therefore Faulkner portrays human beings as In-itself without For-itself–that is, as people determined by their pasts rather than as being the source of their future possibilities. The For-itself is consciousness conceived of as a lack of Being. We are what we are not in that we are not yet a possible future self. For example, someone who chooses to be a lawyer but has not yet completed law school is what he is not. He is not a lawyer, but he is projecting himself towards a possible future self qua lawyer, i.e., he is a â€Å"lawyer-to-be.† (Minter 117) Time, or temporality, is a dimension of the For-itself in that it is a subjective process whereby the For-itself projects itself toward a possible future self. Faulkner’s characters are not determined by their pasts because they are the past; the past is â€Å"extra-temporal† in the sense that the past for Quentin, Caddy’s brother, exists in the present. (Pouillon 92) As such, the characters are psychologically dominated by destiny. Different commentators disagree with this conclusion and have attempted to find the future in various aspects and themes of the novel. Some search for it in the character of Dilsey, who is seen mainly in a religious context, while others have sought it in Jason, who is looking ahead to the modern commercial society while turning his back on the old south. Peter Swiggart argued that Quentin’s perspective is a kind of fusion between past, present, and future, which is a kind of religious view, and Dilsey, who, along with preacher Shegog, is the embodiment of Faulkner’s moral order. (Swiggart 227) According to this spiritual perspective from eternity, Dilsey transcends time, and Quentin seeks its extinction. Perrin Lowrey maintained that each section of the novel focuses on a character dealing with the problem of time in his or her unique way. Benjy has no sense of time, but the past is experienced as the present; Quentin, who is obsessed with the history, sees opportunity as something to be destroyed; for Jason, time is money made by beating the clock. The final section is seen as Dilsey’s section, for whom, according to Lowrey, time is a continuum, again emphasizing the eternal, religious perspective. (Pouillon 104) A work concerning Faulkner and time with which this essay shares an affinity is Douglas Messerli’s â€Å"The Problem of Time A work concerning Faulkner and time with which this essay shares an affinity is Douglas Messerli’s â€Å"The Problem of Time in The Sound and the Fury: A Critical Reassessment and Reinterpretation.† Messerli’s interpretation is based on the phenomenology of Eugene Minkowski as described in his work Lived Time, which he applies to each of the characters’ dealings with the problem of time as suggested by Lowrey. (Messerli 33) A complete exposition of the phenomenology of time and Messerli’s application of it to the novel would lead us too far astray. As such, we must content ourselves with a brief enumeration of Messerli’s main points. First, Benjy, Quentin, and Jason each have or live a certain aspect of time: Benjy has only an animalistic awareness of the present, Quentin is egocentrically involved with the past and wants to destroy it, and Jason lives for the future, â€Å"hurrying to reach what he has come to confuse with time–money–before it is gone.† (Pouillon 119) In this way, Messerli agrees with Lowrey by finding the future in Jason’s section. Second, Dilsey, who is considered the final section’s main character, transcends time, for she has â€Å"†¦ seed de beginning en now she sees de ending.† (Messerli 40) Third, he attempts to connect these individual experiences of time by posting the character of Caddy as Faulkner’s version of the role of time, because she appears in some way, either via memory or as symbolized by her daughter, in all four sections. I agree with Swiggart, Lowery, and Messerli in their conclusion that the novel contains the future, although only fleetingly; however, I do not think that it can be found in Jason’s section nor does Dilsey exemplify it. Also, I see Lowrey’s insight that each of the novel’s four main sections explores a different aspect of time use and that Messerli is correct to investigate this suggestion regarding the lived experience of time. Given the vast range of Faulkner’s work since The Sound and the Fury and different criticism, it is unfair to say that Faulkner’s metaphysics of time, in general, is precisely the metaphysics found in this one novel. Therefore, the present inquiry limits its concerns to the characters’ phenomenologies of time in this novel and the chronological or clock-based model of time that provides its metaphysical scaffolding. In other words, the results of this essay apply only to The Sound and the Fury and are not intended to apply to Faulkner’s work in general. The Sound and the Fury is a story written in four parts, three of which are narratives from the respective perspectives of the three Compson brothers, Benjy, Quentin, and Jason. The first is written from the perspective of the idiot Benjy on his thirty-third birthday, April 7, 1928. The second is written from Quentin’s perspective on the day of his suicide, June 2, 1910. The third is from Jason’s perspective during a pivotal point in his antagonistic relationship with his illegitimate seventeen-year-old niece, Quentin, on April 6, 1928. (Brooks 111) The final section takes place on Easter Sunday, April 8, 1928, and is written in the third person. It follows the enduring black kitchen servant and maid, Dilsey, whose family has worked for the Compsons since the days of slavery, on the day Quentin steals seven thousand dollars from her uncle and runs away. A significant portion of this section is devoted to the discovery of Quentin’s disappearance and Jason’s fruitless search for her. Time, as measured and represented by clocks, is the paradigm of time found in The Sound and the Fury. Here time is an accumulation of discrete isolatable instants, contrary to Sartre’s conception of temporality as a totality. For Quentin and Jason time is what is collected in the past. Their father says, â€Å"Man the sure of his climatic experiences †¦ Man the sum of what have you† (Faulkner 153). He also says, â€Å"A man is the sum of his misfortunes. One day you’d think misfortune would get tired, but then time is your misfortune† (Faulkner 129). As such, humans are the entire collection of what they are; who you are, what you become is constituted by these past experiences. In this way, the Compson brothers are In-itself only without a For-itself; that is, without a projection toward a possible future self, for these past experiences determine the next person. Sartre points out that this makes sense of another, somewhat odd phrase found in the novel, â€Å"Fui. Non-sum†Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬Å"I was. I am not.† These characters are immutable selves fixed in the past (Sartre 73). However, this is not entirely correct for Benjy and Jason, for both have the present as a part of their respective phenomenologies of time as discussed below. The main criticism of the novel is that Faulkner confuses chronology and temporality, characterizing time as an external rather than an internal relation, distinct from and determinate of human consciousness, which is to emphasize a past without a future. This confusion of chronology and temporality led literary experts to criticize Faulkner further for the novel’s lack of a progression towards a future event, which he finds endemic to the structure of the entire book (Minter 126). For, in each first-person narrative, words describing the present are often interrupted by descriptions of past experiences, which sometimes wholly usurp the story describing the chronological present. This interplay between the characters’ narratives of the past and their narratives of the present is a movement that does not go anywhere since Faulkner’s world has no future progression. Sartre comments: â€Å"It seems as though Faulkner has laid hold of a frozen speed at the very heart of things; he is grazed by congealed spurts that wane and dwindle without moving† (Sartre 75). This â€Å"motionless movement† is characteristic of the novel as a whole. A story is told nonetheless, which implies some movement between these narratives of the past and present. The critic describes this movement as a â€Å"sinking in† of the present into the past out of which the gift may reappear without reason (Pouillon 130). He illustrates this notion with a metaphor of an airplane flight with lots of air pockets. At each pocket, the protagonist’s consciousness sinks back into the past, arising only to sink back again. So, the novel’s order is not the rational ordering of chronology but rather the emotional ordering of the heart, which provides a temporal movement from one moment to the next, but does not progress toward a future event. â€Å"This is a matter of emotional constellations† (Messerli 41). Does it bring us to the questions: What is the nature of this motionless movement characterized by this sinking in of consciousness into the past? And, to what extent is the novel’s ordering an emotional constellation? The answers to these questions are different for each of the novel’s four main sections. In sum, literary experts criticize Faulkner for maintaining a chronological metaphysics of time under which consciousness is determined by the sure of its misfortunes, leaving his characters without their future possibilities. Sartre, on the other hand, maintains that the novel is a matter of emotional constellations, which provide it with a purposeful ordering different from a rational, chronological order. It implies that any expansion of Sartre’s interpretation of the novel will include an account of emotions in each of the novel’s sections. Faulkner leaves his characters without futures; however, this is not to say that the future is not present in the novel; for it is present as an absence brought about by the expected but unaccomplished isolation of it from the grounds of the three Compson consciousnesses. However, Faulkner provides a brief glimpse of a phenomenology of time that includes the future in the character of Caddy’s daughter, Quentin, as something external to us and which cannot be caught. I would criticize this characterization of the future because we are the source of our possibilities and therefore of our possible future selves. But, some of the value of Faulkner’s work is that he provided a southern phenomenology of time in which the past dominates the present, and the future is fleeting. Faulkner was not looking to describe the lived experience of all human beings, but instead was describing and expressing a distinctly southern expertise that non-southerners could feel so profoundly they almost believed they experienced it themselves. (Pouillon 153)

Culture And Music Of The 70S Essays - Counterculture Of The 1960s

Culture And Music Of The 70'S Term Paper Music is an outlet to all aspects of life and culture is a significant way of forming people and the way they live. Although not always seen directly culture has an overbearing influence on the music that is produced and made popular. The political Climate of the early seventies was full of fire with issues such as Vietnam and constant protest throughout the county. Later in the 70s the end of the Vietnamese conflict brought the rise of the Watergate scandal and Iran Contra. These issues swept headlines and ingrained peoples thoughts. Social issues also played a big role in the developing culture of the seventies. Protests and constant outbreaks about gay rights and womens rights seemed to overtake the country in storm. Later in the Decade the social climate changed to a celebration of the Past and a can-do attitude. Political and Social climates had an overbearing influence on the attitude that was being developed throughout the seventies. This climate was also transparent in the mu sic world of this decade. In the early 70s music lyrics were being created that were representative of the popular method of protest and social change. Music is a common way of expression and during this time artist and groups took the most of their popular music by expressing viewpoints on present issues. In the mid to late seventies the birth of new styles that broke from the old seemed to dominate the music industry. These new types of music ranged from disco to television pop. The music of the decade represented the culture and was greatly influenced by events and beliefs of the 70s. At this time in American history, music and life became closely nit. In the late 1970s, national issues settled and the development of new music forms exploded. During the first year of the decade protest and war for gay rights was on the rise to new levels. Combining with the motif of protest was the issues of women rights. Women celebrated the 50th anniversary of the 19th amendment, and liberal abortion laws in the year of 1970. No longer merely entertainment, popular music became a powerful means of protest and an effective force for social change. The whole feeling of fighting for what is right was often found in lyrics and music of the time. Although women had been in the music industry for centuries the song of the seventies that backed the idea of womans push for power was I Am Women, by Helen Reddy. The first line simply stats the mood of the whole song by stating, I am women, hear me roar. As the nations excitement to protest continued to bolster an incident occurred that put a damper to the glitter. During an antiwar protest at Kent State University in Ohio, the National Guard is told to move in and calm protesters. In result they open fire on unarmed students, killing four students and wounding eight others. This caused national uproar of protest and flashed the headlines across the county. Shortly after the horrific event, Crosby, Stills, Nash, Ohio, which drew attention to and in memory of the wasteful deaths of the Kent State Protest. The first two linen of the song read, Tin soldiers and Nixon coming, Were finally on our own, which puts blame on Nixon and his involvement with the Vietnam War and shows the individualism that the protesters wanted from the national beliefs on the issues. Deep meaningful descriptions were also added to spur emotions, such as Soldiers are gunning us downWhat if you knew her and found her dead on the ground. The line, How can you run when you know? is seen twice in the song and can be taken as talking of other problems that were seasing the nation such as the issues constantly being protested. Ironically following the death of the four college students at the Kent State University protest, Ohio Governor James Rhodes ordered radio stations to ban the song Ohio by Crosby, Stills, Nash Ohio were very strong and no further violence was reported. Another issue in late 1970 that

Victimology Essay Example

Victimology Essay Example Victimology Essay Victimology Essay Table of contents Section A – Definition of Secondary Victimisation – Secondary Victimisation in the tribunal procedure – Article – Discussion of article – Decision P. 3 p. 3 p. 3 p. 4 p. 6 p. 6 Section B – Introduction – Definition – Victims rights in footings of victim impact statements And the legal proviso made for them in South Africa – Decision p. 7 p. 7 p. 7 Bibliography p. 9 2 p. 7 p. 8 Section A Definition of Secondary victimisation Secondary exploitation can be defined as the insensitive. victim-blaming attitudes. behaviors and patterns held by establishments and community service suppliers ensuing in extra injury for an already traumatised victim of offense. particularly for those who are victims of a sexual offense such as colza or molestation. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //rapecrisis. org. za/ ) . Secondary exploitation in the tribunal procedure Reporting a offense and traveling through the condemnable justness procedure is normally where secondary exploitation starts when describing a sexual offense to the constabulary. the victim is frequently left feeling exposed and slightly embarrassed about what happened. The victim is bombarded with many inquiries and paper work and they receive really small emotional support. The victim may experience that he/she has to live over the offense. This can be highly overpowering to the victim and intensifies the injury. In many instances the victim is discouraged by household members to even describe the offense. allow alone ballad charges ( UNISA Study Guide for CMY3705. p71 ) The victim may experience that he/she has small support and is left experiencing stray and entirely. Geting the instance to tribunal is a drawn-out. sulky and disorganized procedure and a really frustrating one at that. The victim normally wants to acquire the whole procedure over and done with every bit shortly as possible so that he/she can come to footings with the traumatic event and travel on with their lives. When the instance finally does stop up in tribunal the victim may experience overwhelmed by the strange and unknown environment and by the fact that he/she does non hold extended cognition of the tribunal procedure ; it is all really unfamiliar and really daunting. Quite frequently the victim is non told why he/she is being asked certain inquiries and is non kept updated on the advancement of the probe or the test. All of these factors intensify the injury that the victim is sing. ( UNISA Study Guide for CMY3705. p71 ) A big lending factor to the fact that certain establishments may do secondary exploitation is the deficiency of cognition or the retention of certain beliefs refering to ravish or sexual offenses. Some people may accept certain types of myths and stereotypes about colza which leads them to handling the victim insensitively. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //rapecrisis. org. za/ ) . 3 Article Women’s Month: One in Nine Campaign: The 1 in 9 run started out concentrating on the one adult female in nine who reports being raped. but has moved on to seek besides include the other eight subsisters. says Kwezilomso Ndazayo. Anyone who followed the Jacob Zuma colza test in 2006 shortly became familiar with the sight of groups of adult females outside the courtroom. have oning violet jerseies and bearing posters naming for justness. The run was born at that place. because the adult female who had laid the charge was one of our clients and we supported her. explains Kwezilomso Ndazayo. undertaking officer for the run. The research shows that merely one adult female in nine will take a colza instance to the condemnable justness system – we realized that those who dared to talk out needed our support. For many adult females. the cost of seeing a colza instance through the condemnable justness system is merely excessively high – peculiarly as strong belief rates are so low. Many adult females say that the tribunal procedure makes it experience as if they are being raped once more. This secondary victimization frequently begins from the minute they set pes in a constabulary station or infirmary. peculiarly if they are from a marginalized group such as tribades or hapless on the job category adult females. The strong belief rate is so dismaying that many subsisters see no point in subjecting themselves to a procedure that can take five old ages. if they have no religion in acquiring a strong belief. Part of the job is the innocent victim discourse frequently played out in the media. in which any adult female who is a sapphic. HIV positive. who drinks intoxicant or has of all time engaged in consensual sex is seen as blameworthy and non meriting of regard and compassion. non to advert justness. For illustration. there has been a batch of research looking at how force against adult females puts them at hazard of undertaking HIV. Now we are looking at it from another angle: how does being HIV positive put adult females at hazard of force? Kwezilomso says the Zuma instance raised legion issues about HIV. gender and civilization and helped members of the run to see that non merely should they go on but that they needed to broaden their attack. Just because the other eight adult females don’t follow the justness system path. it doesn’t mean they are non talking out in other ways. In a society that has normalized the abnormal and which appears complacent about the inordinately high degree of force against adult females and kids. the members of the run are determined to maintain talking out. Its of import that we holding voices that point out that this is non an acceptable province for adult females to be populating in. It besides helps subsisters by confirming that this is non normal. At the same clip we are cognizant of the effects of adult females talking truth to power and are careful non to jeopardize members of the run. 4 One in Nine is a member-based run that does protagonism in a assortment of ways. from running Young Women’s Leadership programmes across the states. to classs with the CDP on Art as Advocacy where adult females create their ain run stuffs such as jerseies and streamers. We are presently roll uping a usher written for colza subsisters by subsisters. This is of import. as most other ushers are written by faculty members or militants. but lone subsisters who have themselves have been through the system can state them what to anticipate. Kwezilomso besides points out that while the condemnable justness system is the most obvious symbol of the failure to protect adult females. there are many other sites of power that have an impact on women’s lives. runing from Parliament to the wellness system to the constabulary force. The province demands to be held accountable for issues like the backlog in the justness system. and we encourage active citizenship to guarantee that responsibility carriers do what they are supposed to make. But the full system is stacked against adult females. Even if there was a different authorities in office. the same system would stay. The province is a tool of control. to set people in their topographic point and close them up. The bigger inquiry is how we transform society. from the underside right up to the highest office in the land. The 16 Dayss of Activism run has come in for a batch of unfavorable judgment. and some militants believe it has been hijacked by authorities and does little but supply public dealingss chances for curates who quickly forget about the issues come January. Perhaps as a sector we need to pass more clip measuring the impact of the 16 Days. but I wouldn’t call for it to be scrapped wholly. Of class there are likely excessively many fancy dinners. but each platform provides us an chance to prosecute and seek to make positive alteration. And if the nature of some of these events is debatable. so we should utilize the chance to reflect a visible radiation on that. The good thing about 16 Dayss is that it gets the issues out into the unfastened and allows people a infinite to get down speaking about them. Despite the activism of many candidates. rates of force against adult females and kids in South Africa continue to lift. While we have progressive statute law and a one of the best Fundamental laws in the universe. it seems our society is out of measure with the values it professes to keep. Is there a hereafter for these runs? Obviously this is non traveling to alter nightlong. and possibly in 50 old ages clip South Africa will be a better topographic point for adult females and kids. But that doesn’t mean we should halt seeking. It is really of import that we continue to talk and be heard and guarantee that South Africans understand this is non the sort of society they want to populate in. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. shukumisa. org. za/index. php/2011/08/womens-month-one-in-ninecampaig n/ ) 5 Discussion of the article This article provides a perfect illustration of why secondary exploitation takes topographic point in tribunal. As mentioned. the condemnable justness system frequently fails colza victims due to the low strong belief rate and the insensitive mode in which the victims are treated. The consequence is that many victims are discouraged to describe colza instances due to the fact that they feel they are non being heard and that they are being treated with small self-respect and regard. If this was non the instance at that place would most likely be an addition in studies taking to a higher strong belief rate. The rights of victims are being abused and undermined by the condemnable justness system and it is left up to private administrations and NGO’s to take attention of these victims. It is a sad province of personal businesss and the duty of protecting the rights of victims should be shifted back to the condemnable justness system. That is how it should hold been from twenty-four hours one! Decision From the treatment above it is obvious that drastic steps need to be taken in order to better the condemnable justness system to such an extent that secondary exploitation is cut down to a lower limit. Victims of sexual offenses or any offense for that affair should hold no uncertainty in their heads that the condemnable justness system is in topographic point in order to help them in their times of demand and should experience safe and accepted while traveling through the procedure of the condemnable justness system. In my sentiment this procedure will get down every bit shortly as there is a general alteration in the mentality and point of position that the members of these establishments hold. 6 Section B Introduction It has been debated whether or non a victim of offense should take part in the condemnable prosecution procedure and if so to what extent they are allowed to take part. In South Africa. legal proviso was made for victim impact statements due to the fact that for even the most trained professional. it is impossible to to the full grok what the victim might be sing and the sum of enduring that the victim has to digest. This was pointed out by the South African Law Commission ( 2002:68 ) . ( UNISA Study Guide for CMY3705. p. 77 ) Definition A victim impact statement is a written or unwritten statement made as portion of the judicial legal procedure. which allows a victim of offense the chance to talk during the sentencing of their aggressor or at subsequent word hearings. In some cases videotaped statements are permitted. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Victim_impact_statement ) A victim impact statement is document that is written by the victim explicating in their ain words what they experienced during the clip that the offense was being committed against them. A victim in this instance besides refers to the indirect victims such as close household members of the victim or an oculus informant. Victims’ rights in footings of impact statements and the legal proviso for them in South Africa Previously. the chief aim of any condemnable justness system was to find whether a suspect of a offense was guilty or non and more frequently than non the constitutional rights of victims were overlooked during this procedure. Gradually this began to alter and the undermentioned rights were awarded to South Africa and are to the full covered in the Constitution of The Republic of South Africa Act 1008 of 1996 in chapter two: ? Right to protection from injury ? The right to be notified of tribunal proceedings ? The right to be notified about bond ? The right to be informed of parole hearings ? The right to the prompt return of belongings 7 Along with these rights. victims were besides granted the right to take portion in the condemnable prosecution procedure by supplying their ain history of their experiences in the signifier of a victim impact statement. Legal proviso was made for victim impact statements when the South African Law Commission recommended the inclusion of a clause on victim impact statements in either unwritten or written signifier in the Sentence Framework Bill with the certain reserves: Decision A victim impact statement can be seen as a manner to authorise victims and give them a sense of intent during the condemnable prosecution procedure. It allows them to set into word precisely what they are sing on many degrees. It is a really of import portion of the prosecution procedure as it may find whether or non the accused will be sentenced every bit good as the length of the sentence. In my personal sentiment I feel that a victim impact statement is the most important oart of the prosecution procedure. 8 Bibliography Section A ? ? ? hypertext transfer protocol: //rapecrisis. org. za/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www. shukumisa. org. za/index. php/2011/08/womens-month-one-in-ninecampaign/ UNISA Study Guide for CMY3705. p71 Section B ? ? UNISA Study Guide for CMY3705. p. 77 hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Victim_impact_statement 9

Community Health of Kansas City, Missouri - The Nurses Role within an Research Paper

Community Health of Kansas City, Missouri - The Nurses Role within an Inner City School District - Research Paper Example However, much of these efforts would go in vain if good health practices were not indulged in the curriculum of educational institutions. Our environment is no longer the same, even compared to that in the 20th century, and so are the human practices. Looking at the current world’s student population, millions of bright brains and inventive individuals are represented. Taking this into account, measures have been set up to ensure that all students are given nothing but the best by the society in which they live and learn. This study will only focus on the need for a school nurse in Public Schools to educate and promote African-American students on health issues that have become rampant in our lives, as will be explicitly discussed in this paper. The main reason of coming up with this study was driven by the fact that in the 21st century the education of a number of children, i.e. African-American students, is compromised by conditions and behavior patterns that undermine their physical and emotional well-being, hence, making learning within the framework of the current system of education quite difficult. Therefore, education policy-makers and teachers have embraced health promotional activities to reach their goal of inspiring students. As a result of this, schools have become both centers of learning and supportive venues for the provision of essential health education and services (UNESCO, 2001). Implementation Strategies To ensure implementation of healthy lifestyle and learning-friendly environment in the institutions, various departments concerned with the management of public schools can take note of the following: i. Initiating healthy public schools’ policy: this would involve making health a major factor to consider within the framework of all policies and legislation of schools because they all influence health in one way or another. ii. Creation of supportive environments: all members of the public schools have responsibility to do the ir best to create safe surrounding; coming up with safe, satisfying and healthy living and learning conditions; and giving support to health lifestyles. iii. Developing personal skills: supporting individual and learners’ development; and providing necessary information, education and improving life skills. iv. Strengthening students’ action: this would involve empowering the school fraternity, ensuring learners participation, and providing full and easy access to health related information. v. Re-orienting health services: this strategy would broaden the roles of health services from being authoritative and individual-based to shared responsibility and partnership for health, emphasizing on preventive rather than clinical and curative measures. 1. Healthy Lifestyle and Prevention of Diabetes Type 2 Good basic education outcome is only achievable through good health and nutrition as the essential input factors. All learners have to be healthy and well-nourished to be a ble to effectively participate in the learning process. In support of this initiative, the International agencies, i.e. WHO, UNESCO, World Bank and UNICEF, come up with approaches that would ensure healthy environment for students. FRESH (Focusing Resources on Effective School Health) was a bright example of the strategy already launched by